Epilepsy A Triggering Disorder - 1567 Words

Epilepsy: A Triggering Disorder Ashereena Tanedo Texas AM International University Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Seizures 4 Types of Seizures 4 Epilepsy 5 History of Epilepsy 5 Types of Epilepsy 5 Causes 6 Symptoms 6 Treatments and Living with Epilepsy 6 Epilepsy Foundation 7 Conclusion 7 Works Cited 9 Abstract Before thorough medical research on epilepsy, it was thought to be a demonic entity causing the sudden movements. With scientific advancements, epilepsy can be characterized as a condition that affects the nervous system through a series of seizures. Within the brain presents abnormalities that cause convulsions throughout the body. Epilepsy can be broken down into two types and further specified by key symptoms the individual faces during an epileptic episode. There is no single cause for epilepsy; many factors such as genetics and traumatic injuries can trigger seizures, which can develop into a type of epilepsy syndrome. This condition cannot be cured, but can be treated through a series of medications after diagnosing the specific type of epilepsy. Individuals diagnosed with epilepsy will more than likely live with the condition throughout their entire life, leading them to change or add to their lifestyle to accommodate this condition. Charitable organization have benefited the epileptic community by raising awareness and conducting studies to find better treatments. Epilepsy: A Triggering Disorder Introduction Nearly 7.4 billion peopleShow MoreRelatedBrain Disorders: Seizures or Epilepsy Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesSeizures or epilepsy are brain disorders where the person has repeated convulsions over a period of time. They’re episodes of disturbed brain activity that cause changes in attention and behavior. Seizures are considered the most common observed neurological dysfunction in children. They are very sudden intermittent episodes of altered consciousness lasting seconds to minutes and include involuntary tonic (stiffening of muscles) and clonic (altering contraction and relaxation of muscles) movementsRead MoreEpilepsy Pathology, It, Imperative, And Temporal Sclerosis ( Mts ) And Focal Cortical Cortical Dysplasia Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesIn discussing epilepsy pathology, it is imperative to discuss mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). As these topics are covered in the Pathophysiology chapter of this book, they will not be covered in detail in this chapter. 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Some reports estimate that five in one-thousand people suffer from this problem. Throughout history, people with epilepsy have been shunned or considered inferior. Even today, ignorance leads many people to treat the epileptic as abnormal or retarded. Although the etiology of epilepsy is still not fully understood, it is quite treatable due to advances in modern medicine. Epilepsy is characterized by uncontrolled excessive activityRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Our Lives1499 Words   |  6 Pagesdisadvantage; it’s an advantage because it costs less than the other three imaging choices outlined, but it is a disadvantage because it still costs between 900-1,400 dollars (Dugdale). With the PET scan doctors are able to detect Alzheimer’s and Epilepsy before it actually affects a patient, this gives patients time to get into trails or maybe even get a procedure that could not even put them in touch with the disease. Electroencephalogram or EEG the last of the neuroimaging scans, measures theRead MoreNeurotransmitters And Its Effect On The Brain925 Words   |  4 PagesBefore this communication can happen, the neurotransmitter must be synthesized and stored in vesicles so that when an action potential arrives, the cell is ready to fuss with the membrane of the neuron. When the synaptic vesicle is ready, the final triggering of vesicle fusion with the presynaptic terminal membrane occurs rapidly in response to the action potential invasion of the terminal. This step is highly dependent on calcium ions, which enter the terminal through voltage-gated calcium channelsRead More What Has Changed about Epilepsy Essays3771 Words   |  16 Pages Epilepsy is a brain disorder involving recurrent seizures. You can relax. Its not the end of the world. This was my neurologists introduction to my diagnosis as an epileptic with partial petit mal seizures including a curious, not to mention exciting, hist ory of 2 grand mal seizures. As a 10-year-old girl, I remember feeling confused and greatly changed by these words that I had yet to understand the meaning of. As I grew to learn more about my condition, I realized that there are peopleRead MoreWithdrawal from Alcohol Addiction819 Words   |  3 Pagesaddiction. Alcoholism presents life-ravaging problems: negligence, anger issues, propensity for hazardous behavior, and longer recovery from alcohol use’s aftereffects (#1). Alcoholics exhibit diminished immunities and are at elevated risk for cancer, epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, HIV/AIDS, and more. Alcoholism is both devastating and alarmingly common, affecting 4-5% of the United States’ population (#2). 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This example could result in a miscalculation of THC combined with the delayed reaction of the effects of THC after eating the cookie, brings about overconsumption triggering the poison control center for overdoses (Whitley, 2016). There have been three high profile death bases on overdoses and mislabeling products. People are eating or dabbing the THC variations they remove from the cannabis plant in enormous dosages

Are You Afraid of the Dark Free Essays

ARE YOU AFRAID OF DARK ? Prologue: In Berlin, Germany, Sonja Verbrugge receives an alarming instant message from her husband, Franz. He tells her to flee the house and go to the Artesemia Hotel, a hotel for women only. The message ends abruptly without explanation and the terrified Sonja heads for the Artesemia as Franz had instructed. We will write a custom essay sample on Are You Afraid of the Dark or any similar topic only for you Order Now At a street corner in mid-flight, she is pushed into the street. As if on cue, a double-parked limo leaves its space and heads right for her, knocking her to the ground. A passing ambulance stops for her and as she is strapped onto a gurney, the attendant calls Sonja by name. Before she can react, a hypodermic needle slides into her arm. In Paris, France, Mark Harris waits on the observation deck of the Eiffel Tower. Within two years young Kelly rises to the top of the modeling profession. In addition to her looks, she possesses an air of untouchability, which attracts men. She returns to Philadelphia to visit her mother, who thanks her for the money she sends every month. Her stepfather, however, makes it clear that Kelly is no longer welcome in their home. Before she leaves town, Kelly visits Mrs. Houston at the library and thanks her for changing her life. Kelly returns to Paris, where she meets a man named Mark Harris. Mark, like many men, approaches Kelly with the hopes of getting to know her. Kelly is put off by him at first, but Mark is persistent, sending her flowers and gifts and finally, a beautiful dog named Angel. Kelly and Diane sit in a coffee shop across the street from KIG. Diane tries to explain that she and Kelly have the same problem and may be able to help one another. Kelly is still reeling from Tanner’s insinuations about her dead husband and a woman named Olga and does not really wish to know what Diane might have to say about her husband. When Kelly sees Diane’s face on the coffee shop’s television and hears her televised image describe the details of Altieri’s homicide for the cameras and courtroom, her eyes widen in fear. The not guilty verdict is announced and Anthony Altieri answers the reporters’ questions. He indicates that he plans to retire and â€Å"clean up a few old debts. † Kelly knocks over her†¦.. As Harry Flint waits for the women in the penthouse suite, he recalls office functions previously held there. Three times a year KIG hosts â€Å"board meetings† in the suite, which are actually orgies with eautiful prostitutes supplied by Tanner’s money. Flint gets turned on thinking about the orgies and plans to take out his lust on Kelly and Diane when they arrive. Unaware she is walking into a trap, Diane exits the elevator and walks down the hall towards the penthouse. She is momentarily delayed by a bellboy who is blocking the hallway with his luggage c art. In that moment, Kelly gets off the elevator and sees Diane in the hall. They quickly realize that neither of them set up this meeting. They stare at the door to the penthouse†¦ Now that Kelly and Diane know who their husbands intended to visit in Washington, they decide to visit Senator Van Luven themselves. They call her office from a pay phone repeatedly, until the receptionist finally agrees to give the senator a message. They wait for two hours at the pay phone before it rings. Senator Van Luven is on the line, sounding irritated. Diane quickly identifies herself and explains that her husband and Mark Harris were murdered to prevent them from seeing the senator. The senator recalls seeing their names in her appointment book. Someone had called her office and cancelled the men’s visit; afterward she learned they had both died. Diane has Senator Van Luven’s attention now. Van Luven instructs them to take the next red-eye to New York†¦. CHARACTERS Diane Stevens Diane Stevens is a sensitive, artistic soul who has achieved both personal and professional happiness. An acclaimed artist on the New York scene, her still-young marriage to Richard Stevens provides her with a thoughtful, caring soul mate and, she expects, a long and happy future together. Trouble first arrives in her life when she accidentally witnesses a brutal mafia murder. With her husband’s encouragement, Diane bravely does the right thing and testifies against the mafia. Thus she blames herself when she receives the news of Richard’s death, thinking that the mafia killed him in retribution for her testimony. A highly spiritual individual, Diane begs her departed husband’s spirit for forgiveness and then immerses herself in the grieving process. Wanting nothing more than to fade away from society and lick her emotional wounds, Diane is brought†¦.. SUMMARY: Are You Afraid of the Dark? is an action-filled thriller which takes the reader on a tour of the playgrounds of the rich and famous. Tanner Kingsley takes white-collar crime to new heights by using his billion-dollar think tank corporation to create a machine for himself, which can control the weather. Prima is actually the brainchild of Tanner’s older brother, Andrew Kingsley, who heads up the Kingsley Group think tank. Andrew initially creates Prima in the hopes of addressing the environmental problem of global warming. Andrew’s brother, Tanner, is not as concerned with solving the world’s problems as his older brother. Instead, Tanner dreams of turning the philanthropic Kingsley Group into a supercharged think tank devoted to earning profit and power. He is a megalomaniac of the highest order, who intends to hold the world hostage once he has perfected the Prima project. First, he needs to get his brother Andrew out of the way. Tanner secretly sabotages a dangerous experiment with which Andrew is involved and Andrew’s resulting exposure to toxic gases leaves him severely brain-damaged. Now Tanner is free to explore his power-hungry goals as the sole head of the think tank, which he renames Kingsley International Group, or KIG. Unfortunately for Tanner, four of the scientists under his employ at KIG manage to figure out what Prima can do, despite his best efforts to keep them in the dark. When the scientists learn that Tanner does not intend to give Prima to the government, they realize that he intends to use it for more sinister purposes. The scientists plan a rendezvous in Washington, D. C. here they intend to reveal Prima’s existence and purpose to Senator Van Luven, a member of the Senate Select Committee on the Environment. Before they can meet with the senator, all four men are killed. Tanner doesn’t stop there; he goes after the men’s families as well, just in case the scientists talked to their loved ones about Prima. Sonja Verbrugge is killed in Berlin, Germany. Her husband had worked for KIG Berlin and was one of the four men scheduled to meet with Senator Van Luven in Washington. Lois Reynolds is attacked in Denver, Colorado, just a few miles from where her brother Gary’s airplane mysteriously crashes. The other two scientists killed by Tanner are Richard Stevens and Mark Harris. Their unsuspecting wives, Diane and Kelly, are about to become Tanner’s next targets. Both women have barely recovered from the initial shock of the news of their husbands’ deaths when Tanner goes after them. The unsuspecting women should make easy targets for the practiced assassins who Tanner hires. However, time after time, the assassins miss their targets. With a combination of ingenuity and luck, the women escape several death traps and together resolve to learn the secret that got their husbands killed. Diane Stevens and Kelly Harris are unlikely heroines for an action thriller. Diane is a sensitive artist and Kelly is a glamorous supermodel. The women may be inexperienced investigators, but with their beloved husbands’ deaths as motivation, they quickly pick up Tanner’s trail. Kelly and Diane learn about the other related deaths and escape the country to visit the scenes of the crimes. They travel to Berlin, Germany, where Sonja Verbrugge was killed and Paris, France, where Kelly’s husband Mark met his untimely death. They are hampered at every turn by Tanner’s thugs, Greg Holliday, Vince Carballo and the exceedingly bloodthirsty Harry Flint. Unable to learn anything in Europe, the two heroines return to the United States, where they visit the site of Gary Reynolds’s plane â€Å"accident. † They discover that Gary’s sister Lois is still alive after escaping a firebomb and from Lois the ladies finally learn about the existence of Prima. Intending to finish what their husbands started, the two women make an appointment with Senator Van Luven. They plan to disclose to her the details about the Prima project. Unfortunately, the women don’t realize they are walking into the same trap Tanner had so effectively set for their spouses. Senator Van Luven turns out to be Tanner’s co-conspirator and his girlfriend. In a showdown at the senator’s home, Tanner sets his goon, Harry Flint, on the trapped women. Kelly and Diane manage to elude Flint’s clutches and the women go straight to the press with details about Prima. This forces Tanner to destroy his prized weather machine, but he has one more surprise in store for Kelly and Diane. He has secretly built a second Prima in the French Polynesian islands. Tanner and Senator Van Luven escape on Tanner’s private jet, leaving Prima I set to self-destruct. They intend to hold the world hostage with the power of Prima II. Tanner makes the critical mistake of underestimating his brain-damaged brother Andrew, however. Tanner leaves Andrew behind to die in the Prima explosion. Andrew, even with his mental disability, realizes his brother has become an evil man. As his final act, Andrew sets Prima to destroy the KIG jet with Tanner and Van Luven inside. With Tanner Kingsley dead, his vast conspiracy collapses. Kelly and Diane have survived their ordeal and set about reclaiming the pieces of their lives. Point of View The point of view in Are You Afraid of the Dark? takes the form of third person narration. This third person narrative is also omniscient, but only to a certain degree. In order to maintain the suspense, author Sidney Sheldon must withhold certain facts from his otherwise omniscient narration. However, the narrator is easily able to see inside the minds of every character, from major to minor and reveals as much of their thoughts as appropriate. In this way the reader is able to learn about Diane Stevens’s and Kelly Harris’s relationships to their husbands. The men die at the very outset of the novel, thus it is only through the recollections of the female protagonists that the reader is able to get a sense of the dead men’s characters. Interestingly, this semi-omniscient narrative†¦.. Conspiracy A big-brother style conspiracy is at the heart of this action-suspense novel by noted author, Sidney Sheldon. Sheldon, like other conspiracy writers, plays on the natural fear all human beings have of the unknown. Conspiracies seem more frightening to many people than open hostility because it is difficult, if not impossible, to defend oneself against an unknown enemy. The most chilling parts of any conspiracy stories are the moments in which the conspiracy can actually be seen. These fleeting glimpses of a powerful enemy can be more frightening, psychologically, than confronting a powerful enemy face to face. For Kelly this moment first arrives in her hotel room. When an unseen man lies to her to gain entrance into her suite, she is terrified. Although she does not yet know the scope of the plot against her,†¦.. How to cite Are You Afraid of the Dark, Essay examples

Misleading Statistic

Question: Describe about misleading statistic? Answer: Statistics is the process of collecting, organising and representing a large amount of data. A statistic is said to be a misleading statistics if the statistic misuses the data intentionally or by mistake and gives a wrong interpretation of the data. Misleading statistic can be developed in many ways (Pepe et al., 2013). Forming the statistic on own, dealing with falsified findings, by neglecting the baseline of the statistic, incomplete data, fallacious comparisons and misinterpretation of findings can lead to misleading statistic. An example is considered to explain the concept of misleading statistic. A survey was conducted to know the number of crimes in a country and the factors leading to these crimes. The survey must be conducted throughout the country. However, due to lack of time and workers, the survey could not be conducted throughout the country (Rotunda, 2014). Therefore, the surveyor collected samples from few places, estimated the rest of the data, and completed the data sheet of his own. These leads to falsified findings, which eventually lead to the formation of own statistics. The surveyor distributed the survey form in few places and collected the data from the authorities of those places. The authorities of those places did not give the correct information regarding the number of crimes as they neglected the baseline of the statistic. This lead to falsified findings. Analysis was done on these falsified findings to know the crime rate of the country and the factors influencing the crime rates of the country (Rumsey Unger, 2015). Various kinds of analysis were done on this data. Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression and different statistical tests were conducted on this data. These analyses revealed the results of the findings. The analysis of the collected data revealed that Toledo in eastern region of United States had the more rate of crime. However, while collecting the data, it was ignored that Toledo had less population than many other places the United States. The weighted value should have been considered to analyse the data set (Utts, 2014). The authorities to the surveyor could have reported the number of crimes divided by total number of population. However, the wrong reporting of data had led to wrong analysis of the data and the conclusion came out to be wrong. To know about the factors affecting the crimes, it was found most of the crimes happened out of drug addictions. However, this fact is not true as the major reason for criminal activities is unemployment. As it is known that, an idle brain is a devils mind, so more unemployment leads to more number of crimes. It was also seen that most of the people of Toledo was employed and the employment rate of the city was 95%. Therefore, Toledo could not produce more crimes. Moreover, it was recorded that number of drug adductors were very few in Toledo compared to other cities. Therefore, Toledo could not have more activities that are criminal and there was a contradicting result. Thus, the statistic was a misleading statistic and it gave wrong information about the criminal cases of United States. References Pepe, M. S., Janes, H., Kerr, K. F., Psaty, B. M. (2013). Net Reclassification Index: a misleading measure of prediction improvement. Rotunda, R. D. (2014). The Equal-Protection Clause: A Field Day for Misleading Statistics. Rumsey, D. J., Unger, D. (2015).U Can: Statistics For Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Utts, J. (2014).Seeing through statistics. Cengage Learning.

Past Year Question Pad120 Essay Example

Past Year Question Pad120 Essay UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA(UiTM) PAD 120: Introduction to Political Science PAST EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPERS (2007 – 2010) COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2010 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts. Part A (5 Questions) Part B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from Part A and any two (2) questions from Part B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 a) Define Politics. (5 marks) b) Explain the relationship between economics and political science. 5 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain TWO(2) criticisms of the theory of separation of powers. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe the theory of force. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain the concept of constitutionalism . Provide examples to support your answer. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe TWO(2) types of sovereignty. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Describe FOUR (4) disadvantages of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on TWO (2) types of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe FOUR (4) elements of the State. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on FOUR (4) merits of a federal government. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2010 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from Part A and any two (2) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any TWO (2) disadvantages of an unwritten constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) features of Theory of Force. (10marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) concepts of constitutionalism. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain custom and adjudication as TWO (2) important sources of law. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe any TWO (2) types of autocracy. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) methods to carry out research in political science. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any TWO (2) merits and demerits of unitary government. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe any FOUR (4) features of a presidential form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) characteristics of sovereignty. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer EXAMINATION: OCTOBER 2009 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and any two (2) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) scopes of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Identify any Two (2) disciplines of social science that are interrelated with the study of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) sources of power. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Describe ONE (1) advantage and ONE (1) disadvantage of a written constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Elaborate on any TWO (2) elements that constitute a state. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any TWO (2) merits and any TWO (2) demerits of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe any FOUR (4) types of sovereignty. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) characteristics of a presidential form of government. (25 marks) COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2009 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two(2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and two (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Describe any TWO (2) arguments to support the study of political science as a science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) features of the Force Theory of the origin of state. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on any TWO (2) characteristics of law. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain any Two (2) features of a good constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Elaborate on any TWO (2) types of sovereignty. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) types of autocracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of the federal form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) essential elements of the state. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2008 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 questions) PART B (4 questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and two (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Explain public administration and international relations as sub-fields of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe the meaning of popular sovereignty and legal sovereignty. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) features of a constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Power is a complex subject in political science. Elaborate on any TWO (2) sources of power. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe population and government as the elements of the state. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on FOUR (4) features of the unitary form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of the Social Contract Theory of the origin of the state. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Compare any FOUR (4) differences between unitary and federal forms of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Law is made to regulate an individual’s and a group’s conduct. Explain any FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER AM/APR 2008/PAD 120 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2008 TIME : 3 HOURS Answer ALL questions in PART A and TWO (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any TWO (2) ways for a leader to obtain authority. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) characteristics of monarchy government. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on any TWO (2) features of the theory of Divine Rights in the origin of the state. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain TWO (2) criticisms in the practice of the separation of powers. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe ONE (1) advantage and ONE (1) disadvantage of a flexible constitution. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 a) Define Political Science. (5 marks) b) Explain any FOUR (4) methods used by the political scientist in the study of political science. 20 marks) QUESTION 2 a) Define sovereignty. (5 marks) b) Differentiate with examples internal sovereignty from external sovereignty. (20 marks) QUESTION 3 a) Define government. (5 marks) b) Differentiate the practices of a parliamentary system from a presidential system. (20 marks) QUESTION 4 a) Define autocracy. (5 marks) b) Elaborate on any FOUR (4) forms of autocracy. (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER AM/OCT 2007/PAD 120 _____________________________________________________________________________________ UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION _____________________________________________________________________________________ COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2007 TIME : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts. PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A and Two questions from PART B. 3. Answer to each question must be written in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 5. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of : i) the Question Paper ii) an answer Booklet provided by the Faculty. PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) benefits of the study of Political Science to a student. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 The study of Political Science can be considered as a science. Identify any TWO (2) arguments to support the statement. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) ways for a government to achieve legitimacy. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Discuss any TWO (2) functions of the state. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Explain any TWO (2) features of evolutionary or historical theory on the origin of state. (10 marks) PART B ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY. QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) types of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any FOUR (4) methods of establishing a constitution. 25 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on FOUR (4) differences between unitary and federal forms of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Discuss FOUR (4) weaknesses of democracy. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : APRIL 2007 TIME : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of TWO (2) parts. PA RT A ( 5 Questions) PART B ( 4 Questions). 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A and TWO (2) questions from PART B. 3. Answers to all questions must be written in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 5. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet provided by the Faculty _________________________________________________ AM/APR 2007/PAD120 PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. QUESTION 1 Describe any two (2) methods used by researchers in the field of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain briefly two (2) rationale of separation of powers. 10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on two (2) ways in which a government obtains authority. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on two (2) types of constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe two (2) types of democracy. (10 marks) PART B Answer any TWO (2) of the following: QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) advantages and TWO (2) disadvantages of parliamentary government. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain FOUR (4) characteristics of sovereignty. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe FOUR (4) essential elements of a State. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER Past Year Question Pad120 Essay Example Past Year Question Pad120 Essay UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA(UiTM) PAD 120: Introduction to Political Science PAST EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPERS (2007 – 2010) COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2010 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts. Part A (5 Questions) Part B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from Part A and any two (2) questions from Part B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 a) Define Politics. (5 marks) b) Explain the relationship between economics and political science. 5 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain TWO(2) criticisms of the theory of separation of powers. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe the theory of force. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain the concept of constitutionalism . Provide examples to support your answer. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe TWO(2) types of sovereignty. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Describe FOUR (4) disadvantages of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on TWO (2) types of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe FOUR (4) elements of the State. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on FOUR (4) merits of a federal government. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2010 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from Part A and any two (2) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any TWO (2) disadvantages of an unwritten constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) features of Theory of Force. (10marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) concepts of constitutionalism. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain custom and adjudication as TWO (2) important sources of law. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe any TWO (2) types of autocracy. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) methods to carry out research in political science. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any TWO (2) merits and demerits of unitary government. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe any FOUR (4) features of a presidential form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) characteristics of sovereignty. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer EXAMINATION: OCTOBER 2009 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and any two (2) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) scopes of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Identify any Two (2) disciplines of social science that are interrelated with the study of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) sources of power. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Describe ONE (1) advantage and ONE (1) disadvantage of a written constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Elaborate on any TWO (2) elements that constitute a state. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any TWO (2) merits and any TWO (2) demerits of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe any FOUR (4) types of sovereignty. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) characteristics of a presidential form of government. (25 marks) COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2009 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two(2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and two (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Describe any TWO (2) arguments to support the study of political science as a science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) features of the Force Theory of the origin of state. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on any TWO (2) characteristics of law. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain any Two (2) features of a good constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Elaborate on any TWO (2) types of sovereignty. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) types of autocracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of the federal form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) essential elements of the state. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2008 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 questions) PART B (4 questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and two (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Explain public administration and international relations as sub-fields of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe the meaning of popular sovereignty and legal sovereignty. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) features of a constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Power is a complex subject in political science. Elaborate on any TWO (2) sources of power. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe population and government as the elements of the state. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on FOUR (4) features of the unitary form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of the Social Contract Theory of the origin of the state. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Compare any FOUR (4) differences between unitary and federal forms of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Law is made to regulate an individual’s and a group’s conduct. Explain any FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER AM/APR 2008/PAD 120 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2008 TIME : 3 HOURS Answer ALL questions in PART A and TWO (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any TWO (2) ways for a leader to obtain authority. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) characteristics of monarchy government. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on any TWO (2) features of the theory of Divine Rights in the origin of the state. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain TWO (2) criticisms in the practice of the separation of powers. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe ONE (1) advantage and ONE (1) disadvantage of a flexible constitution. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 a) Define Political Science. (5 marks) b) Explain any FOUR (4) methods used by the political scientist in the study of political science. 20 marks) QUESTION 2 a) Define sovereignty. (5 marks) b) Differentiate with examples internal sovereignty from external sovereignty. (20 marks) QUESTION 3 a) Define government. (5 marks) b) Differentiate the practices of a parliamentary system from a presidential system. (20 marks) QUESTION 4 a) Define autocracy. (5 marks) b) Elaborate on any FOUR (4) forms of autocracy. (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER AM/OCT 2007/PAD 120 _____________________________________________________________________________________ UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION _____________________________________________________________________________________ COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2007 TIME : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts. PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A and Two questions from PART B. 3. Answer to each question must be written in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 5. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of : i) the Question Paper ii) an answer Booklet provided by the Faculty. PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) benefits of the study of Political Science to a student. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 The study of Political Science can be considered as a science. Identify any TWO (2) arguments to support the statement. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) ways for a government to achieve legitimacy. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Discuss any TWO (2) functions of the state. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Explain any TWO (2) features of evolutionary or historical theory on the origin of state. (10 marks) PART B ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY. QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) types of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any FOUR (4) methods of establishing a constitution. 25 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on FOUR (4) differences between unitary and federal forms of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Discuss FOUR (4) weaknesses of democracy. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : APRIL 2007 TIME : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of TWO (2) parts. PA RT A ( 5 Questions) PART B ( 4 Questions). 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A and TWO (2) questions from PART B. 3. Answers to all questions must be written in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 5. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet provided by the Faculty _________________________________________________ AM/APR 2007/PAD120 PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. QUESTION 1 Describe any two (2) methods used by researchers in the field of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain briefly two (2) rationale of separation of powers. 10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on two (2) ways in which a government obtains authority. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on two (2) types of constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe two (2) types of democracy. (10 marks) PART B Answer any TWO (2) of the following: QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) advantages and TWO (2) disadvantages of parliamentary government. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain FOUR (4) characteristics of sovereignty. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe FOUR (4) essential elements of a State. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER

CHAPTER 29 Essays - 20th Century In The United States, United States

CHAPTER 29 Essays - 20th Century In The United States, United States CHAPTER 29 AMERICA DURING A DIVISIVE WAR , 1963 - 1974 Chapter Outline Chronology 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964 passes; Congress approves Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Johnson defeats Barry Goldwater 1965Congress passes Voting Rights Act; Violence hits Watts; U.S. role in Vietnam dramatically expands 1966Supreme Court decides Miranda v. Arizona; United States begins massive air strikes in North Vietnam 1967Large antiwar demonstrations begin 1968Tet offensive begins; Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy assassinated; Civil Rights Act passed; Richard Nixon wins presidency 1969Nixon announces "Vietnamization" policy; My Lai massacre become public 1970U.S. troops enter Cambodia; Congress creates Environmental Protection Agency 1971Stagflation unsets U.S. economy; U.S. dollar begins to "float" on currency markets 1972Watergate burglars caught inside Democratic headquarters' Nixon crushes George McGovern in presidential election 1973OPEC oil embargo begins; Paris Peace Accords signed; Supreme Court decides Roe v. Wade; Special Senate committee begins hearings into "Watergate" 1974House votes impeachment and Nixon resigns; Gerald Ford assumes presidency 1975Saigon falls to North Vietnamese forces 1.Lyndon Johnson, a consummate legislative "wheeler-dealer," greatly expanded government's role in people's lives through a series of initiatives he called the Great Society. a.Johnson used the powerful memory of Kennedy to carry through various Kennedy initiatives. In a sense, Johnson was successfully closing the New Frontier by gaining acceptance of a tax cut and securing passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. b.Johnson won a crushing victory in the election of 1964. c.With broad support in Congress, Lyndon Johnson pushed through a series of domestic programs known collectively as the Great Society. d.With the onset of economic problems in the late 1960s, in evaluating the Great Society, critics unfairly came to attack its costs, pointing out specific failures or condemning the entire plan without crediting the actual good that many of the programs had shown. 2.Escalation in Vietnam sapped the economy and alienated large segments of the population. a.The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave Johnson authority to implement "all necessary measures" in Vietnam. b.The war continued to widen and grew ever more intense throughout 1965 as bombing campaigns widened, and the number of ground troops increased. c.The early years saw the media and the war maintain a traditional relationship in which there was little criticism. Later news coverage helped turn viewers against the war. 3.By 1967, millions joined in opposing the involvement in Vietnam as activism at home increased. a.Social and political activism came to characterize the 1960s as a movement of movements that challenged and questioned numerous traditional laws, attitudes and cultural institutions. b.During the early 1960s, many college students became part of a new political caucus known as the "new left." c.Supporters of the counterculture ridiculed traditional attitudes toward clothing, hair styles, and sexuality; experimented with drugs; and further popularized rock-and-roll music. d.Malcolm X preached a message fundamentally different from traditional civil rights activists such as Martin Luther King, Jr., giving rise to the "Black Power" movement. e.Those who made up the antiwar movement emerged from diverse backgrounds and interests, just as they expressed their opposition to the war in a myriad of ways. 4.The year 1968 was a pivotal time in the history of America's divisive war and of the Sixties. a.The turmoil in Vietnam, 1968, culminated with the Tet offensive. Though a tactical defeat for the communists, it was a political catastrophe to Johnson because it challenged claims of imminent American victory, thus creating a huge credibility gap. b.Antiwar sentiment surged in a new round of turmoil at home as war critic Eugene McCarthy rose in the early presidential primaries. His success led Johnson to drop out of his reelection campaign. These events were overshadowed by the twin assassinations of King and Kennedy. c.Richard Nixon captured the election of 1968 for the Republicans, defeating both Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace. 5.The comeback of Richard Nixon in 1968 was amazing. However, there would be continued polarization in 1969-1974. a.Political fringe groups such as the Weatherman drew a disproportionate amount of attention from the FBI and Nixon who claimed, as the new president, he would be the right person to lead a fight against lawbreaking and violence. b.Nixon made progress in social policy by expanding Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, but his proposal for welfare reform failed

How to Write an Internship Motivation Essay. 7 Steps

How to Write an Internship Motivation Essay. 7 Steps Internship Motivation Letter Guideline Motivation letter or essay aims to show that you want to work as an intern at school, university or a particular company. It is a great chance to show the potential employer why you are a good fit, giving insight into your personality and aspirations. Such a letter is more profound and thoughtful than a simple CV so it can render more details and information. A good quality motivation essay can distinguish you from other applicants and greatly improve your chances of getting the internship. Apart from a motivation application letter, you may also be asked to write an essay after finishing the internship. Such a letter must be a sort of a report, which reflects your experience, advantages of the company, internship’s impact on your personality and various aspects of life. Here are the most popular topics for personal internship statements: Explain how taking part in our internship meets your academic or career goals; What classes or programs you have taken, what experience you have to make you the best fit for the program; Give an example of situations, when your initiative helped to solve an issue. Almost every topic for an internship essay concentrates on the qualities and experience you have to become the best candidate for the chosen program. Tips for writing an internship essay Internship letters are not that different from other types of application essays. Your main goal is to explain what makes you a good candidate for the program and telling the potential employer about your achievements, academic results, and other important information. In this article, we have prepared a list of the most useful steps for achieving your goals. Step 1 The first sentence of your essay should grab the attention of the reader. Bear in mind that your introduction must intrigue the audience and make them willing to learn more about you. Remember that the potential employer has to read hundreds of essays, so yours must stand out from the first line. For example, start with an example of why you are the best candidate, backing it with numbers or achievements. Step 2 Finish your introductory section with a powerful thesis statement. It is very important because your thesis gives direction to the rest of the letter. It should concentrate on the internship you are willing to have. For example, you want to apply for a medical internship. In such a case your thesis should be as follows: ‘Because of my previous volunteering experience working with injured people and a strong desire to help those in need, I have developed a strong interest in your program. It will help me to improve my compassion and focus-on-details even more.’ Step 3 Don’t focus only on the internship advantages. Try to write at least several sentences about how you can contribute to the company or the university. Tell them what personal treats and experience will improve the place of your internship. Step 4 One of the most common mistakes applicants make is mentioning the same skills, which they have provided in a CV. Of course, it is highly recommended to discuss your strong sides in the essay, but you need to provide new details instead of simply repeating those, which were stated in your CV. Step 5 Not depending on the internship type, its schedule and payment, you must persuade the board that you will treat it with all seriousness, performing all the tasks in the best way. It is crucial to show that you will approach the internship like a real job and persuade the employer that it’s an excellent opportunity to achieve your academic goals and start a career. Step 6 Try to avoid common phrases and clichà ©s. Instead of paraphrasing sentences, you have found on motivation letter examples, try to mention your skills and achievements, which would make you a great intern. Step 7 Pay careful attention to the employer’s guidelines. Most of them provide potential candidates with strict instructions. They may concern formatting of the page, including spacing, word count and margins. It is important to compose your letter according to those demands. If the quantity of words is not stated, then try not to exceed 500 words. It is more than enough to tell about yourself and not to bore the reader.

Hourseco- strategic Human Resource Management Essay

Hourseco- strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example n an integrated manner through building the strong contractual relationship between the manpower of the organisation and the organisational system rather than focusing on strategies itself (Walonick, 2014). The traditional organisations were mostly causal and goal orientated, where various conventional models were adopted with the aim of delegating workers with the assigned job instructions and managers were engaged in planning the organisational goals (University of North Florida, 2014; Krebs, 2007). The growing innovation in the field of technology has been recognised to influence the behaviour of individuals associated with an organisation. Globalisation and technological factors have also reformed management structure as well as management practices in accordance with the present business requirements (Ivanko, 2013; Bittner, 1986). The change in the organisational structure and management practices owing to human resource management has also altered in a significant manner. Correspondingly, in the changing environment, organisations are determined towards hiring and retaining a pool of talented and skilled human resource in order to sustain in the competitive advantage in the market. Besides, due to the changes in the environment, workforce, profitability, growth, technological changes and business are anticipated to be influenced immensely. These factors have significantly led the organisation to emphasis over the managing human resources management. Thus, in the changing scenario insufficiency in the proper management of the human resource administration and failure in the strategic integration reduces competitive advantage (Armstrong, 2006). In this regard the concept of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is a practice through which an organisation strategically manages its human resources through aligning the strategic framework with the human resource of the organisation in order to the support the long-term objectives and goals. The appro ach of

What would best constitute an education for men Research Paper

What would best constitute an education for men - Research Paper Example The present education format is focused on providing knowledge to people in order to make them capable of understanding their carrier objectives and be prepared for the next level of education. Many researchers and theorists believe that the current education pattern for men should include some additional subjects, which would help them learn the art of living. The most essential part of education in the modern world is practical life experiences. It has been observed that students from the beginning of their age are fond of stories narrated by their teachers, which are related to society. Men have greater interest towards subjects that are based on practical experiences. Education based on mining is very important for men’s perspective. Mining of natural resources is very important and men are mostly preferred for this purpose. Hence education related to mining is essential for men. Moreover, subjects related to defence, electronics and computers are also equally important for men. Practical experiences and implication of the experiences in the study of students is required in-order to overcome the challenges associated with modern educational system. This research paper focuses on the best compose for the education of men. Education is not only based on academic learning, it is also a cluster of actual life experiences. For an example, subjective matters of physics are not only based on theoretical implications, it is also based on real-time experiments. Experiments are conducted in-order to obtain a real-time observation of the theory discussed during classroom education. It is very essential to understand that learning is the key of life and academic education only can-not provide the required amount of knowledge. Implementation of real-life experiences during education is required to make students understand the use of the subjective matters in practical world. According to essay ‘Learning in the Key of Life’, Spayde tells that academic

Truth is bitter but better Essay Example for Free

Truth is bitter but better Essay Truth is the only weapon which can make a person win a battle. It is a pen that can write anything without anyones terror; it is a game in which who follows its one golden rule can never lose it; it is a tree that never loses its leaves; it is a river that cannot get filthy and dry in any season. Overall it can create heaven or else if not followed properly can ruin the whole world. It is said that to hide one lie we have to speak hundred more lies and thats true. A lie spoken intentionally means we need to speak several more lies to cover up that lie. And then also the truth comes out itself automatically. Everything has two sides, positive as well as negative. A coin has positive side of triumph and negative side of disaster also. If a person wins then he may also lose someday. If happiness is there then sadness is obvious. If a tree bear leaves then it also shed them. If one can stand then one can also fall. Taken as a whole, one can get to face anything in this whole world. Gandhiji said: Lying is the mother of violence. And it is true. In our daily life, as an instance, we meet our relatives and if they hide anything from us by telling anything which is not true and later we come to know then we turn violent and more aggressive. It leads to disrespect to the person. Truth was the only mother, father, son, daughter of the most widely known leader of the world- Gandhiji. He believed in truthfulness and he promoted its principle. And also it was obvious that for this single reason he was known worldwide. With this extraordinary weapon, he threw out the brutal and atrocious Britishers out of our country. He believed in the principle of Satyagraha which proved to be the most influential and imperative movement of the period. Gandhiji said:- I have nothing new to teach the world. Truth and non- violence are as old as the hills. And this is true as truth and lie are not the new concepts that the world has. It is as old as even more then hills and mountains. No one can teach the world the art of speaking truth and plus of the lies. They come out from within our heart. According to me, Nelson Mandela can also undertaken as a person who followed truth and won the whole world the price of peace, equality and oneness. He being a black became the president of ANC (African National Congress) and  also he won the Nobel Prize for his greatest achievement. He promoted equality among all the people on his principle that everyone is equal in the eyes of God. He was true in his outline as everyone is equal and equality in itself is also a truth. Also an example from our daily life, we are becoming more scientific these days but there are many people who still believe in superstitions. There are many misleading people who in the name of God hypnotize people in such a way that neither anyone comes to know about such thing nor the hypnotized is able to tell. But this is a bitter truth that those who follow anyone blindly have to face problems later in life. Even the person doing such illegal and superfluous acts are always caught and they can’t make fool of people for long. A recent example is of the person who was called as guruji in Punjab- Sarasa. He was popularly known all around the world. He had separated salokas which had very less verses praising God and more of praising himself. But the problem was that whatever he was doing was wrong, whatever he was saying was lie, whatever acts he was committing were illegal! And surprisingly a member from his own crew told the media that something was wrong going on at his place. Shockingly he used not to allow any of his disciple to talk to anyone because if they would do so then by chance if anyone else would hear it, then his acts would be held naked in the world and now this has happened, his popularity is decreasing also he is being disliked by the people now. This has not been the case in the present world but also during satyug (according to Hindu mythology) when Lord Rama were existing. He killed Ravana and placed truth over evil. He was cruel and so he did not win this battle of truth and evilness in spite of being so knowledgeable. This shows that truth wins and lies or evil faces disaster and fails. But this is a fact that this yug is kalyug and in this yug is lies or evilness is given the same importance as it is given to truth. They are considered one and the same. For example in the case of Jessica Lal, it was first being kept aside and with false statements it was tried to conclude. False statements and evil methods were adopted to sole this matter quickly and quietly. But unfortunately this could not happen. Truth may be kept behind for years and years but one day itself it would come up and the liar will have to face problem for his mistake. At last I would like to conclude that whatever be the case whether this or that we must not leave the path of truthfulness as this is the only way that would  lead us to place which is as beautiful as heaven and the other way would lead us to a place like hell. It depends on us which way we opt. Finally by analysis of the history and of the present world we come to know that we cannot hide truth for long and cannot follow fakeness for long. Thus, truths always triumph! Satya Meva Jayati! As we say that slow and steady wins the race we can say that Truthful and honest wins the race.

Jean-Baptiste Lully :: essays research papers fc

Jean Baptiste Lully was a prolific composer who is best known for establishing French Opera. (Boynick) Born in Florence on the 28th of November 1632, (Boynick) Giovanni Battista Lulli was a miller’s son. (Sadie 2000 pg 166) Lully first arrived in France in March of 1646 (Jean Baptiste Lully) to work as an attendant for a female courtier. (Sadie 2000 pg. 166) â€Å"During his six years in her household, Lully, already an expert at the guitar and violin, polished his skills as a performer and composer.† (Straughan (a)) He made a name for himself as a dancer in the court ballets. (Straughan (a)) He caught the attention of King Louis XIV and initially served him as "composer of instrumental music† (Straughan (a)) He soon took over compositions of entire ballets. (Straughan (a)) â€Å"Some time before 1656, he also took over responsibility for the string ensemble called the Petits violons, which he transformed into a group widely renowned for their discipline and artistic excellence.† (Straughan (a)) A clever diplomatist and thorough courtier, he completely won the royal favour, and in March, 1672, he succeeded in ousting Abbe Perrin from the directorship of the Academy of Music, also known as â€Å"the Academie Royale†. (Knight) â€Å"Ten years later he had consolidated his position by obtaining sole rights over all dramatic performances with singing.†(Sadie 2000 pg. 166) â€Å"Any production not affiliated with The Academie Royale was limited to two singers and six players.† (Jean Baptiste Lully) From that point on, he successfully founded modern French opera. â€Å"His involvement was not limited to musical composition. He collaborated with his poets in the production of libretti, and even took an interest in the acting and declamation of the performers. His insistence on discipline and high artistic standards in the opera orchestra was legendary† (Straughan (a)) â€Å"Louis XIV became ill in late 1686.† (Jean Baptiste Lully) While conducting a Te Deum on January 8, 1687, (Straughan (a)) to celebrate the king's recovery Lully accidentally hit his foot with the point of the cane he used to keep time. (Sadie 2000 pg. 166) This wound caused an abscess which proved fatal as Lully died on March 22, 1687. (Straughan (a)) Jean Baptiste Lully made significant contributions to French music. His initial compositions â€Å"ballets de cour† didn’t deviate from the Italian forms. (Straughan (a)) They were merely collections of dances and burlesque scenes. (Gregory) â€Å"A step in Lully’s progression from ballet to opera was the increased role of music in his ballets.

Heaven Is for Real Essay

Sadness, happiness, excitement, joy, and astonishment are only but a few of the emotions you will endure while reading the book Heaven is for Real, the amazing story of a brave and eccentric little boy named Colton Burpo. In March of 2003, what seemed to be a seemingly typical family trip turned into a terrifying fight for Todd and Sonja Burpo’s little boy’s life. Even after months of injury and illness within the Burpo family, Colton’s incident tops them all. The strength of this little boy, even at the young age of only four, is truly inspirational. This book truly portrays the crazy days, weeks, months, and even years that follow the frightening experiences that this family had to go through. In February of 2003, the Burpo’s decide to take a family outing. The Butterfly Pavilion is their destination of choice, and the family couldn’t be any happier to get away. After Sonja’s miscarriage, Todd’s shatter leg, round of kidney stones, and hyperplasia; a vacation is precisely what they need. The Thursday before they’re to leave, however, Colton isn’t feeling well and had complained of a stomach ache. Their babysitter, Norma, calls Sonja at work to report a plunge in little Colton’s sickness. After a trip to the doctor, the Burpos find that the stomach flu is the cause of Colton’s poor health. They see the fun-filled trip slipping away as soon as it had come, and nobody in the household is content. But, by morning, Colton is up and feeling well again; the Burpo’s then set out on their adventure. They soon made it to the Crawl-A-See-Um right outside of Denver, and the kid’s stop to see the many tarantula exhibits. These draw Cassie and Colton Burpo in like magnets. The kids are easily amazed by the many eight-legged creatures, which shock the children with everything that they do. They soon see Rosie, the spider you can hold in exchange for a sticker. Cassie holds her, but Colton is afraid, so they make their way on through. After visiting the many aquariums, they make their way to the butterfly pavilion. They see a monarch fly by, enjoying the beauty of the beautiful orange creature. Sonja, remembering the kids want to swim, insists they leave. As they walk by Rosie, Todd asks Colton if he wants to try and hold Rosie. Colton is positive that this time, he will do it. He ventures up to Rosie, holds her, and gets a sticker. He leaves feeling triumphant as they leave. After swimming, the Burpos head to the Old Chicago Restraunt in Greeley to eat with Pastor Steve Wilson and his wife. While sitting around the large, round booth, they talk about their churches and enjoy Italian food. Todd and Sonja decide to visit Pastor Wilson’s church the next day, as Rebecca Wilson divides her time between the conversation and coloring with the kids. Colton’s eery quietness isn’t noticed throughout the dinner, until Colton makes a remark about his stomach again. They Burpos decide to cut the dinner short, after Colton and Cassie both decide they aren’t feeling well. Colton’s statement comes true, as he throws up all of that night. Soon the next day, they decide to take Colton to the hospital. â€Å"Could it be appendicitis? † Sonja asks the doctor, fearing for bad news. Colton squirms, afraid of the IV as any kid would be. He assures her that the blood test don’t show this, but they don’t know what has happened. As Colton’s health gets worse, Todd and Sonja worry for their son. Then the worst thing yet happened, the shadow of death. Todd sees it on Colton, and afterwards they decide to take Colton to the Great Plains Regional Medical Center. Calling ahead to let the doctor know, they set out towards the center. Todd and Sonja blame each other throughout the whole trip, but when they reach the center and the doctor has gone to lunch, they’re out of people and reasons to blame. Fifteen minutes later, the doctor comes in and looks over Colton. They perform a CT scan, and send the Burpos into a secluded waiting room. â€Å"I think this is it,† are the only words Sonja can muster out as she cradles Colton’s limp body. Five tiresomely long minutes later, a Radioligist comes out to let them know Colton has a ruptured appendix and needs emergency surgery. They wheel Colton away on a gurney, preparing him for his surgery. He thrashes, screaming for his dad, as they put the IV in his arm. Anger flashes in Todd’s eyes, realizing that he may have waited too long and might not see his son alive again. He rages at God, assuming he is going to take his son before he had the time to even live. After the surgery is over, Todd is asked to come back. All the fear and anger leaves his eyes, when he is told that his son is conscious and has been asking for him. Todd and Sonja are amazed at how much better their son feels, looks, and seems. They are told, seven days after checking into the hospital, that they can take their son home. After packing the mulititude of toys and clothes, they go to leave. The elevators are sliding shut, when they are told they cannot leave. New pockets of infection show in Colton’s CT scan, in his abdomen. Sonja, completely exasperated, has a breakdown. The church comes to pray with Colton shortly after, only praying for one simple thing: gas. They are told that if Colton passes gas, that it would be a good sign. Within an hour, the prayer was answered. Colton felt better the next morning, and doctors were shocked at this miracle. After what seemed like forever, Colton and the rest of the Burpo family can finally go home after this horrific event. After they go home, life seems to go back to normal. It wasn’t until four months after Colton’s surgery, on their Fourth of July trip, that they realize their son has witnessed something extraordinary. On their way, Todd jokingly asks Colton if he wants to go back to the hospital. The response he gets is far from what he expects, however. Colton proceeds to tell him that the hospital is where angels sang to him and he sat in Jesus’ lap. Todd and Sonja laugh it off, thinking Colton had imagined the whole thing. They continue to believe so, until he tells them exactly what they were soing, and where, during his surgery. He also offers more information, spread over the next years. Days, weeks, and months all came with new information. â€Å"Did you know that Jesus had a cousin? Jesus told me his cousin baptized him,† Colton informed his father one night. He tells his dad about a horse that he petted, God’s beautiful eyes and clothes, his crown, and God’s â€Å"markers,† nonchalantly one night, as if he were talking about what he ate for lunch. When Todd realizes that by â€Å"markers,† Colton means the nails in Jesus’ hands and feet, he knows that he can’t be making it up. Todd and Sonja are amazed at all the things he knows all of a sudden. The normal nights come often, but the talks about supernatural phenomenons become spaced out. Colton begins to talk about his Pop, who died before Colton was born. He also tells his dad that he knows that Jesus told him to be a pastor, and when he agreed, Jesus was very happy. He also told his mom that he knows he had another sister, but she died in her tummy. He tells her that she looks like Cassie and is dark headed, like Sonja. He also says that she didn’t have a name, because they hadn’t named her yet. When Sonja begins to freak out, Colton explains that she’s okay and that God adopted her. Colton also tells about God’s throne room, and makes one point in particular stand out: God loves the children! After Colby is born, they realize they have to hire a babysitter. They decide in a very mature for her age 8th grader, named Ali. All is well, until one night they come home to Ali crying. When Sonja asks her why, she says that Colton was crying and tells her why. Colton, after being put in bed, tells Ali that he misses his sister that died in mommy’s tummy. When he begins to cry, Ali holds him until he finally cries himself to sleep. This isn’t the only serious thing Colton says about Heaven. One night, while at home, he tells his dad that the angels have wings to fight off Satan. He tells him that there is going to be a battle, and that Todd will have to fight in it. He also tells that he sees the power God sends his dad during church, while he preaches. Todd and Sonja now believe Colton more and more by the passing day. 2007 is the first time that the Burpos told about Colton’s indifferent, to say the least, experience. Todd now found himself with more and more questions about Heaven and what his 4 year old saw. One woman, in tears, approaches and asks if Colton might have seen her stillborn baby in Heaven. He asks the woman that if she believes that God loves her as much as God loves him, and if he loves her living son as much as he loves his living son, then why wouldn’t he love her unborn child as much as his? At this moment, he knew that God had sent him the power to help that woman; the same power Colton had claimed to have seen God shoot down. Years have passed since Colton’s accident, but his story is and will be known for many more years to come. The amazing experiences that this family went through are truly touching, and this book portrays that beautifully. From cover to cover, it’s a book you will not want to put down. Colton’s story is amazing, and as the nurse once told Todd Burpo, â€Å"There has to be a God, because this is a miracle. †

Lee Kuan Yew

GFPP 2023 Politics of South-East Asia Topic: Singapore under Lee Kuan Yew Group :B Members’ Names : Chan Xin Ying 214765 Muganthini A/P Kumaran 214956 Ranjani A/P Selvarajan 214951 Teaw Zhen Sheng 215070 Lim Chia Min 214919 Leong Siew Fui 214882 Lau Shie Yin 214853 Tan Kwee Lyn 214762 Chiew Guat Ying 214929 Mehala A/P Gopalakrishan 214972 Lecturer Name : Professor Patit Paban Mishra GFPP 2023 Politics of South-East Asia Topic: Singapore under Lee Kuan Yew Group :B Members’ Names : Chan Xin Ying 214765 Muganthini A/P Kumaran 214956 Ranjani A/P Selvarajan 214951 Teaw Zhen Sheng 215070Lim Chia Min 214919 Leong Siew Fui 214882 Lau Shie Yin 214853 Tan Kwee Lyn 214762 Chiew Guat Ying 214929 Mehala A/P Gopalakrishan 214972 Lecturer Name : Professor Patit Paban Mishra Pg 1 Pg1-5 Pg 5-7 Pg 8-10 Pg 7-8 Pg 9 Pg 9-10 Pg 10-15 Pg 10-12 Pg 12-14 Pg 14-15 Pg15 Pg 15-18 Pg 18 Pg 1 Pg1-5 Pg 5-7 Pg 8-10 Pg 7-8 Pg 9 Pg 9-10 Pg 10-15 Pg 10-12 Pg 12-14 Pg 14-15 Pg15 Pg 15-18 Pg 18 Contents 1) Introduction 2) The Economy Policy Under Lee Kuan Yew 3) Creating a Clean Government in Singapore 4) Reshuffling the society, creating a fair not welfare society i) Greening Singapore ii) Many tongues, one language ii) Rule and Law iv) Fighting on Traffic Congestion 5) Regional and International Policies and Relation under Lee Kuan Yew i) ASEAN- Malaysia ii) China iii) Japan iv) United States 6) Comparison between Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamad 7) Conclusion 8) Attachments 9) References Introduction Singapore the streets are now sparkling clean, and the city runs like clockwork. Singapore is a leading financial center, and boasts an impressive skyline that is easily recognizable. Among other things, Singapore's public transportation and education systems are consistently rated highly in international rankings.Singapore is also known as a clean and green city, and at least some of this can be attributed to Lee's tough stance against chewing gum and littering. Singapore is not o nly good in this aspects but its really good in economical wise too. Singapore’ success in economic and social development in recent decades has been due to pragmatic policies and general public acceptance of a limited government role in such areas as health, social security. Southeast Asia has developed considerably over the past half-century, but Singapore has leaped even further ahead of her much larger and well-endowed neighbors.All this credits should be directed to the prime minister of Singapore who is the great man Lee Kuan Yee. He is widely credited as the architect behind Singapore's remarkable transformation from third-world country to first in just under a generation. Lee Kuan Yew was born in Singapore on 16th September 1923, a third generation descendant of immigrants from China’s Guangdong province. He read law at Cambridge University, England. In 1954, he formed the People’s Action Party. Five years later, his party won the Singapore general elect ion and he became prime minister at 35.In November 1990, he assumed the post of senior minister. I) The Economy Policy under Lee Kuan Yew Anyone who predicted in 1965 when Singapore seperated from Malaysia that Singapore would become a financial centre would have been thought been thought mad. However, it had become a reality, till now, it is a normal sight to see the gleaming modern offices in the city centre with banks of computers linking Singapore with London, New York,Tokyo, Frankfurt, Hong Kong and other major financial centre in the world. Singapore is considered one of the world's great cities, comparable to New York, London and Hong Kong.Unlike Hong Kong, Singapore could neither ride on the reputation of the City of London, an established financial centre with its long history of international banking, nor depend on the backing of the Bank of England. In 1968, Singapore was still a third world country. Foreign bankers needed to be assured of stable social conditions, a good working and living environment, efficient infrastructure and a pool of skilled and adaptable professionals. In 1965, both Lee Kuan Yao and Goh Keng Swee had decided, soon after independence, that Singapore should not have a central bank which could issue currency and create money.Lee Kuan Yew had determined not to let Singapore dollar’s currency to lose its value against the strong currencies of the big nations such as the U. S. The MAS( Monetary Authority of Singapore) which is in charge of supervising the bank industry, has been given all the authority to issue currency notes and also keep pace with developments in financial services. Lee had to fight every inch of the way to establish in Singapore’s integrity, competence and judgment. Lee Kuan Yew made a modest start with an offshore Asian dollar market, the counterpart of the Eurodollar market .In the early years from 1968 to 1985, Singapore under the governance of Lee Kuan Yew, had managed to attract internationa l financial institutions by abolishing withholding tax on interest income earned by non-resident depositors. The economy in the 1980s under Lee Kuan Yew rested on five major sectors: the regional entreport trade; export-oriented manufacturing; petroleum refining and shipping; production of goods and services for the domestic economy; and the provision of focused services for the international market, such as banking and finance, telecommunications, and tourism.The outstanding growth of manufacturing in the 1970s and 1980s had a major impact on the economy and the society, but tended to obscure what carried over from the economic structure of the past. Singapore's economy always depended on international trade and on the sale of services. An entrepot was essentially a provider of services such as wholesaling, warehousing, sorting and processing, credit, currency exchange, risk management, ship repair and provisioning, business information, and the adjudication of commercial disputes. In this perspective, which focused on exchange and processing, the 1980s assembly of electronic components and manufacture of precision optical instruments were evolutionary steps from the nineteenth century sorting and grading of pepper and rubber. Both processes used the skills of Singaporeans to add value to commodities that were produced elsewhere and destined for consumption outside the city-state. A former colonial trading port serving the regional economies of naval Southeast Asia, Singapore in the 1990s aspired to be a â€Å"global city† serving world markets and major multinational corporations.A quarter century after independence in 1965, the city-state had become a manufacturing center with one of the highest incomes in the region and a persistent labor shortage. As one of Asia's four â€Å"little dragons† or newly industrializing economies. Singapore along with the Republic of Korea (South Korea), Taiwan, and Hong Kong was characterized by an export-oriente d economy, relatively equitable income allocation, trade surpluses with the United States and other developed countries, and a common legacy of Chinese civilization and Confucian values.The small island had no resources other than its strategic location and the skills of its nearly 2. 7 million people. In 1988 it claimed a set of economic superlatives, including the world's busiest port, the world's highest rate of annual economic growth (11 percent), and the world's highest savings rate (42 percent of income). As Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew presided over an exponential increase in Singapore's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from US$704 million in 1960 to US$38 billion in 1990. This figure currently stands at US$222 billion, or over 300 times its level in 1960.Adjusting for cost of living differences, Singapore's GDP per capita was ranked 3rd globally by the International Monetary Fund in 2010. Few countries have grown so rapidly, and Singapore's economic success has been widely hailed by international observers. The city-state Lee inherited in 1959 was very different from the Singapore of today. Another of Lee's significant contributions is his establishment of the Government Investment Corporation (GIC) of Singapore in 1981 to manage Singapore's foreign reserves. The exact size of Singapore's reserves is not known, but it is estimated to be one of the world's top ten largest in size.These reserves have allowed Singapore to defend her currency and maintain exchange rate stability even during the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-8. No bank in Singapore faltered. Lee Kuan Yew leaves behind a culture that prizes meritocracy and has no tolerance for corruption. He introduced legislation to strengthen the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB), and more controversially, proposed in 1994 that the salaries of ministers and top civil servants should be linked to top professionals in the private sector to maintain a clean and honest government.Lee curr ently draws an annual salary of over US$3 million. In the 2011 Corruption Perception Index compiled by Transparency International, experts at ten independent institutions including the World Bank and Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Singapore the least corrupt country in the world. Lee Kuan Yew says a major reason for Singapore's economic achievements is its political stability. He attributes much of this to the dominant role of the People's Action Party (PAP), which he co-founded in 1954. Despite the praise lavished on Mr.Lee for his economic accomplishments, many have criticized his approach against political dissent. Singapore’s economy under Lee Kuan Yew, had been said to achieve miracle. A small country that separated from Malaysia, it had reached to be one of the larger financial centres of the world, with its foreign exchange market ranking fourth in size after London, New York and only slightly behind Tokyo. Lee Kuan Yew had lead Singapore as the high-tech leader of Southeast Asia, the commercial entrepot, the scientific centre.Singapore now plays a major role in the politics and economics of Southeast Asia and beyond. II)Creating A Clean Government in Singapore When Lee Kuan Yew’s political party took over office in 1959, the government set out to have a clean administration. Lee Kuan Yew’s government had a deep sense of mission to establish a clean and effective government. When they took the oath of office at the ceremony in the city council chamber in June 1959, Lee Kuan Yew and the rest of the parliament all wore white shirts and white slacks to symbolize purity and honesty in their personal behavior and their public life.Lee Kuan Yew’s government make sure that from the day they took office in June 1959 that every dollar in revenue would be properly accounted for and would reach the beneficiaries at the grass roots as one dollar, without being siphoned off along the way. So from the beginning, special attentions were given to the areas where discretionary powers had been exploited for personal gain and sharpened the instruments that could prevent, detect or deter such practices.The principle agency charged with this task was the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) set up by the British un 1952 in order to deal with corruption, especially at lower and middle levels of the police, hawker inspectors and land bailiffs who had to take action against the many who broke the law by occupying public roads for illegal hawking, or state land for building their squatter huts. These inspectors could either issue a summons or look the other way for an appropriate bribe. In 1960, the outdated 1937 anti-corruption law was changed and widened the definition of gratuity to include anything of value.The amendments gave wide powers to investigators, including arrest and search and investigation of bank accounts and bank books of suspected persons and their wives, children or agents. There was no need to prove that the person who received bribe was in a position to carry out the required favour. In 1960, a change was made to allow the courts to treat proof that an accused was living beyond his means or had property his income could not explain as corroborating evidence that accused had accepted or obtained a bribe.With a keen nose to the ground and the power to investigate every officer and every minister, the director of the CPIB, working from the Prime Minister’s Office, developed a justly formidable reputation for sniffing out those betraying the public trust. In 1963, it was made as compulsory for witnesses summoned by the CPIB to present themselves to give information. The maximum fine for corruption was increased from $10,000 to $100,000 in 1989. Giving false or misleading information to the CPIB became an offence subject to imprisonment and a fine up to $10,000, and the courts were empowered to confiscate the benefits derived from corruption.Corruptions used to be orga nized in large scale in certain areas. In 1971, the CPIB broke up a syndicate of over 250 mobile squad policemen who received payments ranging from S$5 to S$10 per month from lorry sides of the lorries. Those owners who refused to pay would be constantly harassed by having summonses issued against them. The Institution of Management Development’s World Competitiveness Yearbook 1997 ranked the least corrupt countries in the whole world giving 10 points as the perfect score for the country with no corruption.Singapore was ranked as the least corrupt country in Asia with a score of 9. 18 ahead of Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan. Transparency International which based in Berlin, placed Singapore in seventh place worldwide in 1998 for absence of corruption. III)Reshuffling the society: Disciplining ethnics, and creating a fair, not welfare society I) Greening Singapore After independence, Lee Kuan Yew had searched for some dramatic ways to distinguished Singapore from other Third Worl d Countries and finally he opt the path for a clean and green Singapore, as an oasis in Southeast Asia.Besides improving physical infrastructure, Lee Kuan Yew also stated the importance to improve the rough and ready ways of people. He identified the reasons of littering laid on unlicensed hawkers who sell food on the pavements and streets in total disregard of traffic. He also was alerted about the problem created by â€Å"pirate taxi† which ruined the bus services. In the 1970s, Lee Kuan Yew’s government had created many jobs and enforce the law and reclaimed the streets. Food hawkers were licensed and moved towards proper hawker center with piped water, sewers and garbage disposal.By early 1980s, nearly all hawkers were resettled. Lee Kuan Yew’s attempt on transforming Singapore into a tropical garden city was successful. Millions of trees , palms and shrubs were planted and the green eventually raised the morale of the people as well as pride for their surro undings. Children were educated in schools by getting themselves to plant trees, growing it in growth garden, and the message is brought to their parents. Singapore green society was admired by leaders of other nations such as Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, who greened Kuala Lumpur after Singapore’s visit. President Suharto who greens Jakarta and also President Marcos in Manila. Lee Kuan Yew had managed to clean up the Singapore River and Kallang Basin and bring fish back to water, which was a massive engineering job. Underground sewers were laid for the whole island and people were moved from 3000 backyard and cottage industry and resettled in industrial estates with sullages traps for oil and waste. Lee also deal with air and sound pollutions in Singapore, urging all factories to landscape their grounds and plant trees before they could commerce operations.From the 1970s, to save youngsters from nasty and dangerous addiction, Lee Kuan Yew took action to banned all advertising on cigarettes, â€Å"Smoke-Free Week† was launched every year. A ban on chewing gum brought Singapore much ridicule in America. Vandals stuck chewing gum onto sensors of the doors of MRT trains and services were disrupted. Soon the ban was executed, the nuisance was greatly reduced. II) Many tongues, one language Lee Kuan Yew realized that English had to be Singapore’s language of the workplace and the common language.He stated that as an international community, neither Malay, Chinese nor Tamil could be used. In order to achieve this, Lee Kuan Yew had introduced teaching three mother tongues, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil in English schools and to balance this English was also introduced in Chinese, Malay and Indian school. Malay and Indians welcomed the policy but Chinese had made an opposition stand and expressed their unhappiness to the press, particularly from Chinese language Nanyang Universiti and Ngee Ann College.As a result Lee Kuan Yew had merged both Nantah and Uni versity of Singapore to become National University of Singapore, and made all Chinese schools switch to English as their main language of instruction and Chinese as the second language. However, in order to preserve the discipline, self confidence and Confucian values that instilled in students, Lee Kuan Yew had preserve the best nine of the Chinese schools under special assistance plan or SAP.The SAP schools were provided with additional teachers to enable pupils to learn English and Chinese through special immersion programmes and successfully retained the formality, discipline and social courtesies of traditional Chinese schools. â€Å" Speak Mandarin† campaign was launched for a month every year to encourage Chinese to use Mandarin instead of dialect. III) Rule and Law Law and order provide the framework for stability and development. Trained in law, Lee Kuan Yew had imbibed the principle of equality of all before the law for the proper functioning of a society.Soon after becoming the prime minister in 1959, Lee Kuan Yew had abolished the jury system for all cases except murder. Lee Kuan Yew did not accept the theory that a criminal is a victim of the society. Lee Kuan Yew had found canning more effective than long prison terms and imposed it for crimes related to drugs, arms trafficking, rape, illegal entry into Singapore and vandalizing of public property. These measures had made for law and order in Singapore. Singapore was rated No. 1 by the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 1997, as a country where â€Å" organized crime does not impose significant costs on businesses†.The international Institute for Management Development in their World Competitiveness Yearbook 1997 also rated Singapore No. 1 for security, â€Å" where there is full confidence among people that their person and property is protected†. IV) Fighting on Traffic Congestion By 1975 traffic jams in Singapore is unbearable. Incomes were increas ing and the number of cars registered yearly was rising exponentially. To cope this problem, Lee Kuan Yew settled on a scheme whereby a person had to bid for a certificate of entitlement (COE) to use a new car for 10 years which proved effective in limiting the yearly vehicle increase to 3 percent.Lee also decided on underground mass rapid transmit (MRT) and introduced the electronic road pricing (ERP). Every vehicle now has a â€Å"smart card† at its windscreen, and the correct toll is automatically deducted every time it passes under gantries sited at strategic points in the city. Since the amount a person pays the government now depends upon how much he uses the roads, the optimum number of cars can be owned with the minimum of congestion. IV) Regional and International Policies and Relation under Lee Kuan Yew (I) ASEANSingapore had sought the understanding and support of its neighbours in enhancing stability and security in the region. Lee Kuan Yew had stated that ASEAN w ere banding together more for political objectives, stability and security other than ASEAN’s declared objectives on economic, social and cultural. Lee Kuan Yew had played a major role in ASEAN. When Australia tried to change its civil aviation rules in 1978, the Australians planned to excluded Singapore and other ASEAN capitals from airline intermediate stops.Lee Kuan Yew concluded that Boeing 747s flying from Australia to Europe would need to stop either in Singapore, Kuala Lumpur or Bangkok en route to London. Lee Kuan Yew set out to keep Malaysians and the Thais on their side. Lee Kuan Yew wrote to Thai Prime Minister General Kriangshak in January 1979 that Australia’s move was â€Å"blatantly protectionist† and successfully gave concessions to both Thailand and Malaysia airlines. In the end, ASEAN’s solidarity won the fight and Singapore under Lee Kuan Yew’s effort finally made Australia agreed to let Singapore Airlines retain its capacity and outing into Australia and allowed the other ASEAN airlines to increase their capacities. Lee Kuan Yew also played an active role in Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia, which Lee Kuan Yew, tried hard to persuade and ensure the United States to remain interest in the region, and managed to persuade U. S to give modest aid to the two non-communist resistance forces. Malaysia and Singapore Since Singapore’s independence from the Federation of Malaysia in 1965, the bilateral relationship between Singapore and Malaysia has been described as symbiotic and interdependent.There remains a high degree of economic and social inter-dependence between the two countries. However, mutual beneficial relationship has been marred by a number of problems that threaten this cooperation. 1) Water Issue Malaysia provides Singapore with about half its water and wants to renegotiate two agreements which date back to the 1960s. Malaysia has argued that it has a right to review the price of raw water u nder the current agreements while the Singapore Government has argued that Malaysia missed its chance to review prices in the mid-1980s.Until now, both countries still failed to resolve this issue although many round of negotiations has been done. 2) Pulau Batu Putih (Pedra Branca) Issue Pulau Batu Putih is small island rocky island located 8 miles off the eastern coast of Johor and 28 miles off the eastern coast of Singapore. It is an island which Singapore has occupied and exercised full sovereignty over for more than 130 years since the 1840s without any protest from Malaysia. In 1979, Malaysia for the first time published a new map which included the island of Pedra Branca in its territory.The dispute began in 1979 and was largely resolved by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2008, which finalized that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore. Despite the differences in the approaches taken by both countries in resolving their bilateral issues, Malaysia and Singapore are sti ll mutually dependent on each other. The role of the leaders of Malaysia and Singapore are crucial in determining the future relations between the two countries. Efforts to nurture good relations must continue and personal contacts involving leaders and government officials of both countries must continually be encouraged. II) China When Singapore separated from Malaysia, Lee Kuan Yew had announced that Singapore would trade and relationship with all countries including China. But, Singapore realized that it was undesirable and impossible for Singapore to establish diplomatic relations with People’s Republic of China because Singapore is situated in Southeast Asia, an area surrounded by some anti-Chinese country. Firstly, Singapore abstained from voting on the Albanian Resolution because of the tense relations between its neighbor and PRC at the years between 1966 and 1970.Secondly, to maintain trading with the PRC, Singapore allows the Bank of China as the semi-official repr esentative to continue its business in Singapore. In fact, Bank of China facilitated the trade between PRC and Singapore because the trade with PRC was quite important for Singapore. However, the relation with PRC was concerned, there are marred by the Bank of China incident in which the bank was prosecuted by Singapore by failing to obey a banking law in 1969. People’s Republic of China began to pursue an active foreign policy of befriending countries in the Third World.The PRC had grown interest in the region by halt in attacking Singapore and Malaysia. It was also illustrated by exchange visit between PRC and some ASEAN countries. The exchange visits between Singapore and the PRC, notably two visits by Lee Kuan Yew to the PRC in 1976 and 1980 and one visit by Deng Xiaoping to Singapore in 1978. With this exchange visit, no doubt will also enable the two countries to have a better understanding of each other’s foreign and domestic policies.Since the PRC had expressed its desire to have diplomatic ties with ASEAN, Singapore was holding back by making known to others that it will be the last ASEAN country to do so. Lee Kuan Yew said about the timing of Singapore’s diplomatic relations with the PRC because that 75 percent of Singapore’s population is Chinese who does not subordinate Singapore’s interest in foreign policy or domestic policies. Other than that, the Singapore still face the formidable task of building a national identity for its people may dilute Singapore’s interest in establishing an embassy in PRC.According to the last census in 1970, 14. 8 percent of Chinese population came directly from China. The numbers of these people still have family ties with their kin’s in the China. So that during Deng Xiaoping’s visit to Singapore in 1978, he reiterate to Singapore about that the Chinese in Singapore were Singaporean and not overseas Chinese. Nevertheless, Singapore was more confidence in loyalt y of the citizens and has relaxed visits to PRC for Singaporeans. This confidence was also expressed by Lee Kuan Yew when he said in 1977 that people who had gone to the PRC would come back and kiss the soil of Singapore.During Lee Kuan Yew visit to China in 1980, he suggests that PRC if not instigated and incited the people to the revolution; it will tone down the support for the strain relations with ASEAN states in the future. Singapore was postponing the establishment of diplomatic ties with PRC and waiting for Indonesia. Once Indonesia re-establishes its ties with PRC, most likely the Singapore will follow suit. However Lee Kuan Yew had stated that China has the potential to realize its goal and become one of the major players in the world.If it is not deflected from its present concentration on education and economic development, China could well be the second largest, if not the largest , trading nation in the world, with greater weight and voice in international affairs. (II I) Japan During his years as prime minister, Lee Kuan Yew encourages Japan investment in Singapore. When Prime Minister Sato visited Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew had told him that publicly that Singaporeans had no inhibitions over Japan capital, technology and expertise, that Japan was set to lead the rest of Asia to greater industrialization.Later, Singapore Economic Development Board had set an office in Tokyo and Lee Kuan Yew managed to use more than three year time to persuade Seiko to build a watch factory in Singapore. Like any other Asian countries, Lee Kuan Yew treated Japan as a role model to success. Lee Kuan Yew had asked Singapore’s Public Utilities Board officials to study how Japanese could be so successful in energy saving. Lee Kuan Yew also learnt from the Japanese the importance of increasing productivity through worker-manager cooperation, and a National Productivity Board (NPB) was formed in Singapore in the year 1972.Lee Kuan Yew had sincere on the will of lear ning from the Japanese, in 1980 he had sent officials from his ministry for trade and industry to visit their counterparts in Japan’s formidable ministry for international trade and industry (MITI) which had create the course for Japan’s post-war industrial progress. MITI’s advice to Singapore’s officials that Singapore’s geographic position and environment to prepare for a possible role as a center of knowledge and information. Lee Kuan Yew took their advice to heart and redoubled Singapore’s emphasis on the teaching of sciences, mathematics and computers in all schools.The whole government administration were computerized in order to set the pace for the private sectors. ( IV) United States During Lee Kuan Yew’s era, Singapore relations with the United States were pleasant. Trade with the United States had increased substantially especially with the latter as Singapore became a supply center for the United States in its increasing i nvolvement in Indochina. By the 1980s, the United States had become Singapore’s most important trading partner and, as such, crucial to country’s welfare. Comparison between Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir MohamadLee Kuan Yew had successfully transformed Singapore, which was once a poor, decrepit colony, into a shining, rich and modern metropolis. Dr Henry A. Kissinger had addressed Lee Kuan Yew as a seminal figure of Asia and possesses a great interest in developing his country. There’s one man who possesses similar confidence and vision in developing his own nations. Mahathir Mohammad, who had been said as the match of Lee Kuan Yew. Although both leaders’ period as Prime Minister only overlapped only for 9 years (1981-1990), both are always being compared, and known as match for each other.Over Mahathir’s 22 years as prime minister, the leader had patchy relations with Lee Kuan Yew. Both went authoritarian and want the best for their country. Despite t he achievement of Lee Kuan Yew in transforming Singapore, Mahathir Mohamad also turned the Muslim-majority Southeast Asia country, Malaysia into one of the developing world’s most successful economies. Both leaders had undeniable sucess and contributions for their very own country. Both Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohammad value and admire Japan’s success.These can be seen through Mahathir’s Look East Policy and Lee Kuan Yew’s memoir â€Å"The Singapore Stories† which praised Japan’s paradigm in catching up to the West. Both leaders tried to learn the Japanese and adopted similar measures wherever practical. However, in terms ofthe western countries especially the U. S, differences again was seen between two leaders. Lee Kuan Yew tended to gain good relations with western countries such as Australia, New Zealand, United States and Britain.Lee Kuan Yew had aligned Singapore with west since Cold War and earned friendship with Henry A. Kissinger. According to Lee, regional solidarity and international could be gained through U. S and western Europe support. Now, Singapore developed diplomatic relationship with China, but the country was still befriending the west like old days. As for Mahathir Mohamad, it was a different story. Abrasive and outspoken, Mahathir emerged as the Third World champion and Islamic spokesman by condemning the West.Mahathir's record of curbing civil liberties and his antagonism to western diplomatic interests and economic policy made his relationships with the likes of the US, Britain and Australia difficult Even though as the biggest source of the country’s foreign investment, Mahathir has always been an outspoken critic of the United States regarding many issues including the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation). Mahathir encourages modernization without taking to westernize. Even after his retirement, critics on western never stop, particularly on the United States.For instance, he had urged the world's 1. 3 billion Muslims to boycott Dutch products following the release of the anti-Islam movie Fitna by the Dutch politician Geert Wilders, it was reported on 30 March 2008. Both Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamad had been the father of modernization of their country. Lee Kuan Yew had successfully turned Singapore from third world to first. Annual per capita income has grown from less than $1000 at the time of independence to nearly $30000 today. Singapore is the most successful and leading ahead among Southeast Asia countries.Although not as improve as Singapore, Malaysia under Mahathir’s hand, had experienced rapid modernization and economic growth, and his government initiated a series of bold infrastructure projects. For his efforts to promote the economic development of the country, Mahathir has been granted the soubriquet of Bapa Pemodenan (Father of Modernization). Mahathir had successfully introduced Malaysia to the world. By raising living standards a nd winning international acclaim, he contributed to a sense of national identity, pride and confidence among ethnically diverse Malaysians.Both Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamed had similar vision in improving their countries. But due to different issues faced by both leaders, point of views diverse according to situation. Lee Kuan Yew who had been educated in Britain may adopted more western ways while for Mahathir who experienced Britain â€Å"divide and rule† policy, and seen Malay to be abandon behind during that time, possesses anger towards the west and sentiments for the Malays in order to lead them to better standard of living.Lee Kuan Yew, as a firm man, although known as authoritarian from some views, had gathered around himself the most brilliant minds and gain his subordinates supports, such as Goh Keng Swee. He managed to clean Singapore’s government. Mahathir, being impatient and authoritarian, had jailed opponents, sacked rivals and undermined institutio ns as he pursued his obsession with development. Being ambitious, Mahathir built the KLIA airport, Petronas Twin Towers and also started Proton consistent with his â€Å" Malaysia Boleh†( Malaysia can) propaganda.Both leaders played an important role in their country’s development and their contribution could not be measured. Conclusion Singapore’s success always ties with Lee Kuan Yew. More than forty years ago, Lee Kuan Yew transformed what was a poor, decrepit colony into a shining, rich and modern metropolis. All time surrounded by hostile powers, with his brilliant, incisive intellect, he is one of the world’s most outspoken and respected statesman. For Lee Kuan Yew, every great achievement is a dream before it becomes reality, and his vision was a state that would not simply survive but prevail by excelling.Superior intelligence, discipline and ingenuity would substitute for resources. Lee Kuan Yew summoned his compatriots to a duty they had never p reviously perceived: first to clean up their city, then to dedicate it to overcome the initial hostility of their neighbours and their own ethnic divisions by superior performance. The Singapore today is his testament. It is the high-tech leader of Southeast Asia. The contributions of Lee Kuan Yew could not be denied, this man had created what was known as impossible in the past and proved to the world, nothing would be impossible.Attachments Attachments Premier Wen Jiabao shakes hands with Singaporean Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew during a meeting on Friday in Beijing at Zhongnanhai, the headquarters of China's central authorities. The two sides discussed Sino-Singaporean relations and issues of common concern. Lee arrived in Beijing on Wednesday for an eight-day visit at the invitation of the Chinese Government. Lee Kuan Yew (middle) meets with U. S. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen and Singapore's Ambassador to the U. S. Chan Heng Chee in 2000.Lee Kuan Yew (middle) meets with U. S. Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen and Singapore's Ambassador to the U. S. Chan Heng Chee in 2000. Lee Kuan Yew and Tunku Abdul Rahman. Lee Kuan Yew and Tunku Abdul Rahman. Lee Kuan Yew and Yitzak Rabin Lee Kuan Yew and Yitzak Rabin Lee receives the Order of Friendship from Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 15 November 2009 in Singapore. Lee receives the Order of Friendship from Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 15 November 2009 in Singapore. Lee Kuan Yew and President Obama Lee Kuan Yew and President ObamaSINGAPORE (AFP) – Singapore’s founding father Lee Kuan Yew has urged local Muslims to â€Å"be less strict on Islamic observances† to aid integration and the city-state’s nation-building process. SINGAPORE (AFP) – Singapore’s founding father Lee Kuan Yew has urged local Muslims to â€Å"be less strict on Islamic observances† to aid integration and the city-state’s nation-building process. Lee Kuan Yew and Maha thir Mohamad Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamad President George W. Bush welcomes Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore to the Oval Office Monday, Oct. 16,2006President George W. Bush welcomes Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore to the Oval Office Monday, Oct. 16,2006 References Lee Kuan Yew. 1998. Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew: The Singapore Story. Singapore. Times Editions Pte Ltd Lee Kuan Yew. 2000. Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew: The Singpore Story ( 1965-2000) From Third World To First. Singapore. Times Media Private Limited N. Ganesan. (1999). Bilateral Tension in Post-Cold War ASEAN. Pacific Strategic Papers. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS). p. 38 Singapore Development Policies and Trends, Edited by Peter S.J. Chen, Oxford University Press 1983. 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