Functions of Doctrine in a Christian and African Perspective

Doctrine, in Ninian Smart’s dimensions of religion refers to the writings and textbook knowledge that people have regarding their religion. This is exactly what people believe about their respective religions passed on from the generation to generation. Doctrine is in fact, â€Å"the set of answers one has accepted to life’s profound questions. † It intrinsically comprises what the ethical standards of a certain religion would have and it â€Å"directly affects† the behavior of its followers. The â€Å"symbolic and mythical† are given order by doctrine, since people cannot rely on abstract truths alone.The main purpose of doctrine is to give â€Å"authoritative and sometimes systematic proofs that their religious reality and everyday reality is one and the same. † It may also be said that doctrines are somewhat answers laid out by the authoritative body in a certain religion, to answer the questions of life. They are â€Å"logical† hig hly systematized body of religious knowledge intrinsic in religion. It is evident that when two opposing doctrines clash, â€Å"believers commit the most bloody atrocities in the name of their belief† and in the process stay true to the doctrines they uphold.Certain aspects of the human life such as â€Å"death, suffering and change† are given light by religious doctrines, since it gives a foundation of belief to the religious follower. It may be said that people need something to hold on too, because these facts of life are much too grave for the ordinary human mind. In general, doctrines are â€Å"belief systems which provide answers to certain boundary/identity questions. † What cannot be explained is therefore given light by religious doctrines, and this help in a person’s acceptance of life and its realities.The functions then of doctrine are to â€Å"bring order and focus to myth and ritual†, â€Å"provide institutionalization of answers to the unexplainable†, â€Å"control boundaries of religious expression†, and â€Å"determine what is inclusive and exclusive in a given religion. † African religion has been greatly questioned by early European explorers visiting the continent. Some Africans were actually even converted to both Islam and Christianity through these explorers. In modern times, African religion still continues to be dominantly pagan.Dialogues regarding African religions have had certain difficulties since African â€Å"ethnic groups lack a term for religion in the Western sense as an entity or activity separate from everyday life. † Africans uphold religion as a complete way of life. African religion also may become misleading, since doctrines per tribe differ in degree and belief, where it is only called â€Å"doctrines† for formality purposes. As most world religions, the African religions hold that there is one creator of the universe who withdrew and remains remote f rom the concerns of the world.Believers do not directly talk to this god, nor do they offer sacrifices to him. Instead, secondary divinities are seen as ‘middlemen’ between them and their god. They are considered as â€Å"children of the god† or at least are held to be high ranking in their religious hierarchy. It should be noted that African â€Å"religions do not demand adherence to any single doctrine. † The intent of these religions is almost always pragmatic, where â€Å"religious rituals serve as strategies for reinforcing life, fertility and power. Doctrine then for them is a set of practice and rituals that they do in order for them to survive.What they believe in is that â€Å"the principal vision shared by African religions is that human beings must vigilantly maintain a harmonious relationship with divine powers in order to prosper. † The goal of these religions is to control these divine powers for the betterment of their lives, and â⠂¬Å"ritual is the way to do so†. A practical way of looking at religion and doctrine is what comprises African religions.Ritual then â€Å"ensures a community’s responsible relationship with ancestors who are guardians of the moral order, with spiritual forces within nature, and with the gods. † Of course, for Christianity, it is a totally different story. Doctrine for Christianity is a way of life, yet it is not purely for survival. Rituals are present yet not in the same sense as African religion where they offer animal sacrifices and hold mystical ceremonies. Christian doctrine therefore is an ethical way of life, a compilation of the facts about the religion, compiled by the Catholic Church.Christian doctrine therefore centers on the truth about God, Jesus and life. These are ways on how to live a Christian life which also teaches the way of Jesus. It may be seen as dogmatic, since the early doctrines were considered more of dogma than a religion that can hel p in a person’s salvation. These Catholic doctrines had been protested and continuously scrutinized by scientists and philosophers like Friedrich Nietzsche. The Catholic Church has been known in its early years to have imposed a way of life to the Christians, implementing soul and even physical persecution in the name of sin.The Catholic Church, though not changing the religious doctrines through time, adapts to the modern world of democracy and human rights. Persecution, like in Dante’s Inferno is not taught anymore, and was instructed to be uplifted because people follow not because they believe in the doctrine, but because of fear of persecution. Christian doctrine has now become a way of life for most Christians, deepening and rejuvenating their faith in their daily lives through it.

Reliable Tips for Disadvantaged Student Essay Samples You Can Use Starting Today

Reliable Tips for Disadvantaged Student Essay Samples You Can Use Starting Today The Lost Secret of Disadvantaged Student Essay Samples Equality even in punishment ought to be maintained such they aren't always sending to the director of disability services even as soon as the offence doesn't have anything to do with disability. There are various types of rules that have been set in various nations. There are several ways in which broken rules are dealt with because penalties are set on how best to deal with various rules. Aside from becoming laws some rule can always be changed if they're viewed as inappropriate and not providing the necessary results. Should you need further changes in your resume, we'll be happy to help you too through our absolutely free revision policies and straightforward money-back guarantee if your expectations aren't met. Let's consider advantages and pitfalls. We can't overlook the automated disadvantage accrued to disability but there's an opportunity to earn a positive impact if the proper strategy is engaged. Erikson felt in this stage that children would grow to be a self-sufficient human being or doubt anything that may do. Education is the largest game changer. The Art of Storytelling is the most recent installment in a set of completely free courses from the studio named Pixar in a Box. In years past a disabled child wouldn't be able to be taken to school and even worse, they'd be killed. The white student manages to receive a better score when compared with the black student. Working with these kinds of students requires communication. To find out more about what things to anticipate f rom the study of medicine, take a look at our Study Medicine in america section. To start with, be yourself. Advantage Disadvantage Essay Model Answer These days lots of people decide to call home or work in different nations, that has been made possible as a result of the ease of air travel and contemporary communications. A suitable studying to identify the requirements of the students needs to be done. Use active instead of passive language. New Ideas Into Disadvantaged Student Essay Samples Never Before Revealed For years, ethnic minority groups struggle to locate adequate work when compared with whites, though they are well educated and meet all the criteria necessary for the job. Social workers deliver various services like educating and advising patients and household members, different forms of counselling, making referrals to other services, organising support groups and several other services. These social workers try to maximize academic operation of children and improving the family general well-being. Public health social workers are liable for helping people who've been diagnosed with chronic diseases and disorders which is one of the most difficult things an individual could go through. The Appeal of Disadvantaged Student Essay Samples Within the subject of social work, there are numerous distinct places and people which they can pursue and focus on. People with disabilities are a part of the society and strategies to accommodate their existence has to be deliberated upon in order to help them catch up with the remainder of the society. Higher education is of wonderful price and benefit, but on the opposite hand, because all individuals differ based on their abilities, lifestyle and ideals that society does not have to target every citizen to get increased education, come what may. Living with disabilities demands a lot of resource and knowledge. Ideally, the should cover their education should bring about a more conscious selection of profession, in fact, first, man isn't always rational. There are various skills necessary for different specialisations. Apart from it gives new and a lot of job opportunities it assists the country to be globally known. In the facet of employment, it has opened plenty of job opportunities for those. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Disadvantaged Student Essay Samples Is Wrong The rest well a lot of them don't pay anything. In a couple of cases where your story is very compelling, you always have the option to write about the exact same topic from other angles. Think freely, but you're not permitted to think of anything else besides the topic available. It's said that the 1 thing that nobody can ever take away from you is your education and that's the only thing I plan to not just gain for myself but for others also. If you own a topic or experience that's uniquely yours, you have the possibility of an interesting and memorable essay. Paid tuition is merely a possibility, the question is the best way to utilize it. Because of this, everybody should be in a position to pursue higher education. The initiative in creating change has ever been an integral facet of man. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. Employing Native english speakers articles with the assistance of countable and also uncountable nouns may well come to be hard to comprehend. This writing company makes sure their papers are all the terrific quality and all the customers are pleased. Scroll down the page in order to look at extra essay samples which might help you in producing your very own literary essay. 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Thesis Tourism and Rizal Park - 7777 Words

CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its Setting Introduction Rizal Park as everybody seen it today is the product of years of painstaking work by thousands of unknown citizens who gave of their time and their labors to create something of beauty where there was nothing but yawning wilderness in the very heart of the premier city. Its continued cleanliness and order is a tribute to the people who use it more than to those who tend to it. Here is a park that is used, loved and nurtured by the people who saw it shape up from nothing (http://rizalpark.nationalparks.ph/main.htm, October 9, 2013). Tourist attractions can be natural or man-made. The history and culture of a place are also very important attractions that enhance the natural†¦show more content†¦The researchers will identify the factors that influenced tourists to visit the destination. The result of this study will help promote the Rizal Park as the Face of the Philippine Ecotourism. This will give them knowledge on how to preserve and improve the destination to attract more local and foreign tourists. It will also give them accurate insights about the effects of the development of the park to tourists. This would be a big help in knowing the evaluation regarding the location, facilities, amenities, safety, security, and affordability, so that the people responsible on governing Rizal Park will be able to know the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat of the particular site. Paradigm of the Study The paradigm illustrates the conceptual framework of the study, which illustrates how the specific objectives will be answered. This study will tend to find out about the Development of the new Rizal Park and its effects on the local and foreign tourists’ arrivals. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to determine the development of the new Rizal Park and its effects on the local and foreign tourist’s arrivals. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents

Epilepsy A Triggering Disorder - 1567 Words

Epilepsy: A Triggering Disorder Ashereena Tanedo Texas AM International University Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Seizures 4 Types of Seizures 4 Epilepsy 5 History of Epilepsy 5 Types of Epilepsy 5 Causes 6 Symptoms 6 Treatments and Living with Epilepsy 6 Epilepsy Foundation 7 Conclusion 7 Works Cited 9 Abstract Before thorough medical research on epilepsy, it was thought to be a demonic entity causing the sudden movements. With scientific advancements, epilepsy can be characterized as a condition that affects the nervous system through a series of seizures. Within the brain presents abnormalities that cause convulsions throughout the body. Epilepsy can be broken down into two types and further specified by key symptoms the individual faces during an epileptic episode. There is no single cause for epilepsy; many factors such as genetics and traumatic injuries can trigger seizures, which can develop into a type of epilepsy syndrome. This condition cannot be cured, but can be treated through a series of medications after diagnosing the specific type of epilepsy. Individuals diagnosed with epilepsy will more than likely live with the condition throughout their entire life, leading them to change or add to their lifestyle to accommodate this condition. Charitable organization have benefited the epileptic community by raising awareness and conducting studies to find better treatments. Epilepsy: A Triggering Disorder Introduction Nearly 7.4 billion peopleShow MoreRelatedBrain Disorders: Seizures or Epilepsy Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesSeizures or epilepsy are brain disorders where the person has repeated convulsions over a period of time. They’re episodes of disturbed brain activity that cause changes in attention and behavior. Seizures are considered the most common observed neurological dysfunction in children. They are very sudden intermittent episodes of altered consciousness lasting seconds to minutes and include involuntary tonic (stiffening of muscles) and clonic (altering contraction and relaxation of muscles) movementsRead MoreEpilepsy Pathology, It, Imperative, And Temporal Sclerosis ( Mts ) And Focal Cortical Cortical Dysplasia Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesIn discussing epilepsy pathology, it is imperative to discuss mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). As these topics are covered in the Pathophysiology chapter of this book, they will not be covered in detail in this chapter. It is worth noting, however, that it is essential for the epileptologist to be able to readily identify the radiographic findings associated with these disorders, such as decreased hippocampal volume and increased T2/flair signal in MTS, and theRead MoreThe Chemical Structure Of Pregabalin1996 Words   |  8 Pagesas 2 days of administration, unlike most other central nervous system drugs, which typically take effect.1 Pregabalin is prescribed to treat conditions such as epilepsy and diabetic neuropathy. In addition, pregabalin has been approved for the treatment of hyperalgesia (pain sensitivity), Restless Leg Syndrome, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and was the first prescription approved to treat the symptoms of Fibromyalgia. GABA and Calcium Channels GABA is the most commonly employed inhibitor in mammalianRead More Epilepsy Essay2330 Words   |  10 PagesEpilepsy Epilepsy is a very common neurological disorder. Some reports estimate that five in one-thousand people suffer from this problem. Throughout history, people with epilepsy have been shunned or considered inferior. Even today, ignorance leads many people to treat the epileptic as abnormal or retarded. Although the etiology of epilepsy is still not fully understood, it is quite treatable due to advances in modern medicine. Epilepsy is characterized by uncontrolled excessive activityRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Our Lives1499 Words   |  6 Pagesdisadvantage; it’s an advantage because it costs less than the other three imaging choices outlined, but it is a disadvantage because it still costs between 900-1,400 dollars (Dugdale). With the PET scan doctors are able to detect Alzheimer’s and Epilepsy before it actually affects a patient, this gives patients time to get into trails or maybe even get a procedure that could not even put them in touch with the disease. Electroencephalogram or EEG the last of the neuroimaging scans, measures theRead MoreNeurotransmitters And Its Effect On The Brain925 Words   |  4 PagesBefore this communication can happen, the neurotransmitter must be synthesized and stored in vesicles so that when an action potential arrives, the cell is ready to fuss with the membrane of the neuron. When the synaptic vesicle is ready, the final triggering of vesicle fusion with the presynaptic terminal membrane occurs rapidly in response to the action potential invasion of the terminal. This step is highly dependent on calcium ions, which enter the terminal through voltage-gated calcium channelsRead More What Has Changed about Epilepsy Essays3771 Words   |  16 Pages Epilepsy is a brain disorder involving recurrent seizures. You can relax. Its not the end of the world. This was my neurologists introduction to my diagnosis as an epileptic with partial petit mal seizures including a curious, not to mention exciting, hist ory of 2 grand mal seizures. As a 10-year-old girl, I remember feeling confused and greatly changed by these words that I had yet to understand the meaning of. As I grew to learn more about my condition, I realized that there are peopleRead MoreWithdrawal from Alcohol Addiction819 Words   |  3 Pagesaddiction. Alcoholism presents life-ravaging problems: negligence, anger issues, propensity for hazardous behavior, and longer recovery from alcohol use’s aftereffects (#1). Alcoholics exhibit diminished immunities and are at elevated risk for cancer, epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, HIV/AIDS, and more. Alcoholism is both devastating and alarmingly common, affecting 4-5% of the United States’ population (#2). Worldwide, it produces 2.5 million deaths annually and is the third largest cause for disabilityRead MoreHistory of Medicine1796 Words   |  7 PagesArthritis, Crohn’s Disease, and Alzheimer’s disease to conditions like: chronic pain, nausea, migrai nes, seizures, cachexia, asthma, depression, epilepsy, and muscle spasms. A very large number of soldiers from the Vietnam War up to the current soldiers fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq are returning and suffering from what is known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (â€Å"Clinician’s†, N.p.). Instead of taking Zoloft or Prozac and having side effects such as insomnia dizziness, skin rash, erectile dysfunctionRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1502 Words   |  7 Pagespackaged cookie weighing ten milligrams of THC and a maximum of 100 milligram of THC. This example could result in a miscalculation of THC combined with the delayed reaction of the effects of THC after eating the cookie, brings about overconsumption triggering the poison control center for overdoses (Whitley, 2016). There have been three high profile death bases on overdoses and mislabeling products. People are eating or dabbing the THC variations they remove from the cannabis plant in enormous dosages

Are You Afraid of the Dark Free Essays

ARE YOU AFRAID OF DARK ? Prologue: In Berlin, Germany, Sonja Verbrugge receives an alarming instant message from her husband, Franz. He tells her to flee the house and go to the Artesemia Hotel, a hotel for women only. The message ends abruptly without explanation and the terrified Sonja heads for the Artesemia as Franz had instructed. We will write a custom essay sample on Are You Afraid of the Dark or any similar topic only for you Order Now At a street corner in mid-flight, she is pushed into the street. As if on cue, a double-parked limo leaves its space and heads right for her, knocking her to the ground. A passing ambulance stops for her and as she is strapped onto a gurney, the attendant calls Sonja by name. Before she can react, a hypodermic needle slides into her arm. In Paris, France, Mark Harris waits on the observation deck of the Eiffel Tower. Within two years young Kelly rises to the top of the modeling profession. In addition to her looks, she possesses an air of untouchability, which attracts men. She returns to Philadelphia to visit her mother, who thanks her for the money she sends every month. Her stepfather, however, makes it clear that Kelly is no longer welcome in their home. Before she leaves town, Kelly visits Mrs. Houston at the library and thanks her for changing her life. Kelly returns to Paris, where she meets a man named Mark Harris. Mark, like many men, approaches Kelly with the hopes of getting to know her. Kelly is put off by him at first, but Mark is persistent, sending her flowers and gifts and finally, a beautiful dog named Angel. Kelly and Diane sit in a coffee shop across the street from KIG. Diane tries to explain that she and Kelly have the same problem and may be able to help one another. Kelly is still reeling from Tanner’s insinuations about her dead husband and a woman named Olga and does not really wish to know what Diane might have to say about her husband. When Kelly sees Diane’s face on the coffee shop’s television and hears her televised image describe the details of Altieri’s homicide for the cameras and courtroom, her eyes widen in fear. The not guilty verdict is announced and Anthony Altieri answers the reporters’ questions. He indicates that he plans to retire and â€Å"clean up a few old debts. † Kelly knocks over her†¦.. As Harry Flint waits for the women in the penthouse suite, he recalls office functions previously held there. Three times a year KIG hosts â€Å"board meetings† in the suite, which are actually orgies with eautiful prostitutes supplied by Tanner’s money. Flint gets turned on thinking about the orgies and plans to take out his lust on Kelly and Diane when they arrive. Unaware she is walking into a trap, Diane exits the elevator and walks down the hall towards the penthouse. She is momentarily delayed by a bellboy who is blocking the hallway with his luggage c art. In that moment, Kelly gets off the elevator and sees Diane in the hall. They quickly realize that neither of them set up this meeting. They stare at the door to the penthouse†¦ Now that Kelly and Diane know who their husbands intended to visit in Washington, they decide to visit Senator Van Luven themselves. They call her office from a pay phone repeatedly, until the receptionist finally agrees to give the senator a message. They wait for two hours at the pay phone before it rings. Senator Van Luven is on the line, sounding irritated. Diane quickly identifies herself and explains that her husband and Mark Harris were murdered to prevent them from seeing the senator. The senator recalls seeing their names in her appointment book. Someone had called her office and cancelled the men’s visit; afterward she learned they had both died. Diane has Senator Van Luven’s attention now. Van Luven instructs them to take the next red-eye to New York†¦. CHARACTERS Diane Stevens Diane Stevens is a sensitive, artistic soul who has achieved both personal and professional happiness. An acclaimed artist on the New York scene, her still-young marriage to Richard Stevens provides her with a thoughtful, caring soul mate and, she expects, a long and happy future together. Trouble first arrives in her life when she accidentally witnesses a brutal mafia murder. With her husband’s encouragement, Diane bravely does the right thing and testifies against the mafia. Thus she blames herself when she receives the news of Richard’s death, thinking that the mafia killed him in retribution for her testimony. A highly spiritual individual, Diane begs her departed husband’s spirit for forgiveness and then immerses herself in the grieving process. Wanting nothing more than to fade away from society and lick her emotional wounds, Diane is brought†¦.. SUMMARY: Are You Afraid of the Dark? is an action-filled thriller which takes the reader on a tour of the playgrounds of the rich and famous. Tanner Kingsley takes white-collar crime to new heights by using his billion-dollar think tank corporation to create a machine for himself, which can control the weather. Prima is actually the brainchild of Tanner’s older brother, Andrew Kingsley, who heads up the Kingsley Group think tank. Andrew initially creates Prima in the hopes of addressing the environmental problem of global warming. Andrew’s brother, Tanner, is not as concerned with solving the world’s problems as his older brother. Instead, Tanner dreams of turning the philanthropic Kingsley Group into a supercharged think tank devoted to earning profit and power. He is a megalomaniac of the highest order, who intends to hold the world hostage once he has perfected the Prima project. First, he needs to get his brother Andrew out of the way. Tanner secretly sabotages a dangerous experiment with which Andrew is involved and Andrew’s resulting exposure to toxic gases leaves him severely brain-damaged. Now Tanner is free to explore his power-hungry goals as the sole head of the think tank, which he renames Kingsley International Group, or KIG. Unfortunately for Tanner, four of the scientists under his employ at KIG manage to figure out what Prima can do, despite his best efforts to keep them in the dark. When the scientists learn that Tanner does not intend to give Prima to the government, they realize that he intends to use it for more sinister purposes. The scientists plan a rendezvous in Washington, D. C. here they intend to reveal Prima’s existence and purpose to Senator Van Luven, a member of the Senate Select Committee on the Environment. Before they can meet with the senator, all four men are killed. Tanner doesn’t stop there; he goes after the men’s families as well, just in case the scientists talked to their loved ones about Prima. Sonja Verbrugge is killed in Berlin, Germany. Her husband had worked for KIG Berlin and was one of the four men scheduled to meet with Senator Van Luven in Washington. Lois Reynolds is attacked in Denver, Colorado, just a few miles from where her brother Gary’s airplane mysteriously crashes. The other two scientists killed by Tanner are Richard Stevens and Mark Harris. Their unsuspecting wives, Diane and Kelly, are about to become Tanner’s next targets. Both women have barely recovered from the initial shock of the news of their husbands’ deaths when Tanner goes after them. The unsuspecting women should make easy targets for the practiced assassins who Tanner hires. However, time after time, the assassins miss their targets. With a combination of ingenuity and luck, the women escape several death traps and together resolve to learn the secret that got their husbands killed. Diane Stevens and Kelly Harris are unlikely heroines for an action thriller. Diane is a sensitive artist and Kelly is a glamorous supermodel. The women may be inexperienced investigators, but with their beloved husbands’ deaths as motivation, they quickly pick up Tanner’s trail. Kelly and Diane learn about the other related deaths and escape the country to visit the scenes of the crimes. They travel to Berlin, Germany, where Sonja Verbrugge was killed and Paris, France, where Kelly’s husband Mark met his untimely death. They are hampered at every turn by Tanner’s thugs, Greg Holliday, Vince Carballo and the exceedingly bloodthirsty Harry Flint. Unable to learn anything in Europe, the two heroines return to the United States, where they visit the site of Gary Reynolds’s plane â€Å"accident. † They discover that Gary’s sister Lois is still alive after escaping a firebomb and from Lois the ladies finally learn about the existence of Prima. Intending to finish what their husbands started, the two women make an appointment with Senator Van Luven. They plan to disclose to her the details about the Prima project. Unfortunately, the women don’t realize they are walking into the same trap Tanner had so effectively set for their spouses. Senator Van Luven turns out to be Tanner’s co-conspirator and his girlfriend. In a showdown at the senator’s home, Tanner sets his goon, Harry Flint, on the trapped women. Kelly and Diane manage to elude Flint’s clutches and the women go straight to the press with details about Prima. This forces Tanner to destroy his prized weather machine, but he has one more surprise in store for Kelly and Diane. He has secretly built a second Prima in the French Polynesian islands. Tanner and Senator Van Luven escape on Tanner’s private jet, leaving Prima I set to self-destruct. They intend to hold the world hostage with the power of Prima II. Tanner makes the critical mistake of underestimating his brain-damaged brother Andrew, however. Tanner leaves Andrew behind to die in the Prima explosion. Andrew, even with his mental disability, realizes his brother has become an evil man. As his final act, Andrew sets Prima to destroy the KIG jet with Tanner and Van Luven inside. With Tanner Kingsley dead, his vast conspiracy collapses. Kelly and Diane have survived their ordeal and set about reclaiming the pieces of their lives. Point of View The point of view in Are You Afraid of the Dark? takes the form of third person narration. This third person narrative is also omniscient, but only to a certain degree. In order to maintain the suspense, author Sidney Sheldon must withhold certain facts from his otherwise omniscient narration. However, the narrator is easily able to see inside the minds of every character, from major to minor and reveals as much of their thoughts as appropriate. In this way the reader is able to learn about Diane Stevens’s and Kelly Harris’s relationships to their husbands. The men die at the very outset of the novel, thus it is only through the recollections of the female protagonists that the reader is able to get a sense of the dead men’s characters. Interestingly, this semi-omniscient narrative†¦.. Conspiracy A big-brother style conspiracy is at the heart of this action-suspense novel by noted author, Sidney Sheldon. Sheldon, like other conspiracy writers, plays on the natural fear all human beings have of the unknown. Conspiracies seem more frightening to many people than open hostility because it is difficult, if not impossible, to defend oneself against an unknown enemy. The most chilling parts of any conspiracy stories are the moments in which the conspiracy can actually be seen. These fleeting glimpses of a powerful enemy can be more frightening, psychologically, than confronting a powerful enemy face to face. For Kelly this moment first arrives in her hotel room. When an unseen man lies to her to gain entrance into her suite, she is terrified. Although she does not yet know the scope of the plot against her,†¦.. How to cite Are You Afraid of the Dark, Essay examples

Misleading Statistic

Question: Describe about misleading statistic? Answer: Statistics is the process of collecting, organising and representing a large amount of data. A statistic is said to be a misleading statistics if the statistic misuses the data intentionally or by mistake and gives a wrong interpretation of the data. Misleading statistic can be developed in many ways (Pepe et al., 2013). Forming the statistic on own, dealing with falsified findings, by neglecting the baseline of the statistic, incomplete data, fallacious comparisons and misinterpretation of findings can lead to misleading statistic. An example is considered to explain the concept of misleading statistic. A survey was conducted to know the number of crimes in a country and the factors leading to these crimes. The survey must be conducted throughout the country. However, due to lack of time and workers, the survey could not be conducted throughout the country (Rotunda, 2014). Therefore, the surveyor collected samples from few places, estimated the rest of the data, and completed the data sheet of his own. These leads to falsified findings, which eventually lead to the formation of own statistics. The surveyor distributed the survey form in few places and collected the data from the authorities of those places. The authorities of those places did not give the correct information regarding the number of crimes as they neglected the baseline of the statistic. This lead to falsified findings. Analysis was done on these falsified findings to know the crime rate of the country and the factors influencing the crime rates of the country (Rumsey Unger, 2015). Various kinds of analysis were done on this data. Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression and different statistical tests were conducted on this data. These analyses revealed the results of the findings. The analysis of the collected data revealed that Toledo in eastern region of United States had the more rate of crime. However, while collecting the data, it was ignored that Toledo had less population than many other places the United States. The weighted value should have been considered to analyse the data set (Utts, 2014). The authorities to the surveyor could have reported the number of crimes divided by total number of population. However, the wrong reporting of data had led to wrong analysis of the data and the conclusion came out to be wrong. To know about the factors affecting the crimes, it was found most of the crimes happened out of drug addictions. However, this fact is not true as the major reason for criminal activities is unemployment. As it is known that, an idle brain is a devils mind, so more unemployment leads to more number of crimes. It was also seen that most of the people of Toledo was employed and the employment rate of the city was 95%. Therefore, Toledo could not produce more crimes. Moreover, it was recorded that number of drug adductors were very few in Toledo compared to other cities. Therefore, Toledo could not have more activities that are criminal and there was a contradicting result. Thus, the statistic was a misleading statistic and it gave wrong information about the criminal cases of United States. References Pepe, M. S., Janes, H., Kerr, K. F., Psaty, B. M. (2013). Net Reclassification Index: a misleading measure of prediction improvement. Rotunda, R. D. (2014). The Equal-Protection Clause: A Field Day for Misleading Statistics. Rumsey, D. J., Unger, D. (2015).U Can: Statistics For Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Utts, J. (2014).Seeing through statistics. Cengage Learning.

Past Year Question Pad120 Essay Example

Past Year Question Pad120 Essay UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA(UiTM) PAD 120: Introduction to Political Science PAST EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPERS (2007 – 2010) COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2010 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts. Part A (5 Questions) Part B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from Part A and any two (2) questions from Part B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 a) Define Politics. (5 marks) b) Explain the relationship between economics and political science. 5 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain TWO(2) criticisms of the theory of separation of powers. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe the theory of force. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain the concept of constitutionalism . Provide examples to support your answer. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe TWO(2) types of sovereignty. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Describe FOUR (4) disadvantages of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on TWO (2) types of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe FOUR (4) elements of the State. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on FOUR (4) merits of a federal government. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2010 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from Part A and any two (2) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any TWO (2) disadvantages of an unwritten constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) features of Theory of Force. (10marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) concepts of constitutionalism. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain custom and adjudication as TWO (2) important sources of law. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe any TWO (2) types of autocracy. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) methods to carry out research in political science. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any TWO (2) merits and demerits of unitary government. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe any FOUR (4) features of a presidential form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) characteristics of sovereignty. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer EXAMINATION: OCTOBER 2009 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and any two (2) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) scopes of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Identify any Two (2) disciplines of social science that are interrelated with the study of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) sources of power. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Describe ONE (1) advantage and ONE (1) disadvantage of a written constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Elaborate on any TWO (2) elements that constitute a state. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any TWO (2) merits and any TWO (2) demerits of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe any FOUR (4) types of sovereignty. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) characteristics of a presidential form of government. (25 marks) COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2009 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two(2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and two (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Describe any TWO (2) arguments to support the study of political science as a science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) features of the Force Theory of the origin of state. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on any TWO (2) characteristics of law. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain any Two (2) features of a good constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Elaborate on any TWO (2) types of sovereignty. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) types of autocracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of the federal form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) essential elements of the state. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2008 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 questions) PART B (4 questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and two (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Explain public administration and international relations as sub-fields of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe the meaning of popular sovereignty and legal sovereignty. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) features of a constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Power is a complex subject in political science. Elaborate on any TWO (2) sources of power. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe population and government as the elements of the state. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on FOUR (4) features of the unitary form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of the Social Contract Theory of the origin of the state. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Compare any FOUR (4) differences between unitary and federal forms of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Law is made to regulate an individual’s and a group’s conduct. Explain any FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER AM/APR 2008/PAD 120 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2008 TIME : 3 HOURS Answer ALL questions in PART A and TWO (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any TWO (2) ways for a leader to obtain authority. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) characteristics of monarchy government. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on any TWO (2) features of the theory of Divine Rights in the origin of the state. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain TWO (2) criticisms in the practice of the separation of powers. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe ONE (1) advantage and ONE (1) disadvantage of a flexible constitution. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 a) Define Political Science. (5 marks) b) Explain any FOUR (4) methods used by the political scientist in the study of political science. 20 marks) QUESTION 2 a) Define sovereignty. (5 marks) b) Differentiate with examples internal sovereignty from external sovereignty. (20 marks) QUESTION 3 a) Define government. (5 marks) b) Differentiate the practices of a parliamentary system from a presidential system. (20 marks) QUESTION 4 a) Define autocracy. (5 marks) b) Elaborate on any FOUR (4) forms of autocracy. (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER AM/OCT 2007/PAD 120 _____________________________________________________________________________________ UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION _____________________________________________________________________________________ COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2007 TIME : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts. PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A and Two questions from PART B. 3. Answer to each question must be written in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 5. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of : i) the Question Paper ii) an answer Booklet provided by the Faculty. PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) benefits of the study of Political Science to a student. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 The study of Political Science can be considered as a science. Identify any TWO (2) arguments to support the statement. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) ways for a government to achieve legitimacy. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Discuss any TWO (2) functions of the state. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Explain any TWO (2) features of evolutionary or historical theory on the origin of state. (10 marks) PART B ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY. QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) types of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any FOUR (4) methods of establishing a constitution. 25 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on FOUR (4) differences between unitary and federal forms of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Discuss FOUR (4) weaknesses of democracy. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : APRIL 2007 TIME : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of TWO (2) parts. PA RT A ( 5 Questions) PART B ( 4 Questions). 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A and TWO (2) questions from PART B. 3. Answers to all questions must be written in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 5. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet provided by the Faculty _________________________________________________ AM/APR 2007/PAD120 PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. QUESTION 1 Describe any two (2) methods used by researchers in the field of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain briefly two (2) rationale of separation of powers. 10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on two (2) ways in which a government obtains authority. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on two (2) types of constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe two (2) types of democracy. (10 marks) PART B Answer any TWO (2) of the following: QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) advantages and TWO (2) disadvantages of parliamentary government. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain FOUR (4) characteristics of sovereignty. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe FOUR (4) essential elements of a State. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER Past Year Question Pad120 Essay Example Past Year Question Pad120 Essay UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA(UiTM) PAD 120: Introduction to Political Science PAST EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPERS (2007 – 2010) COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2010 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts. Part A (5 Questions) Part B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from Part A and any two (2) questions from Part B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 a) Define Politics. (5 marks) b) Explain the relationship between economics and political science. 5 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain TWO(2) criticisms of the theory of separation of powers. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe the theory of force. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain the concept of constitutionalism . Provide examples to support your answer. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe TWO(2) types of sovereignty. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Describe FOUR (4) disadvantages of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on TWO (2) types of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe FOUR (4) elements of the State. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on FOUR (4) merits of a federal government. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2010 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from Part A and any two (2) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any TWO (2) disadvantages of an unwritten constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) features of Theory of Force. (10marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) concepts of constitutionalism. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain custom and adjudication as TWO (2) important sources of law. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe any TWO (2) types of autocracy. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) methods to carry out research in political science. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any TWO (2) merits and demerits of unitary government. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe any FOUR (4) features of a presidential form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) characteristics of sovereignty. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Past Year Question Pad120 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer EXAMINATION: OCTOBER 2009 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and any two (2) questions from PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. PART A QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) scopes of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Identify any Two (2) disciplines of social science that are interrelated with the study of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) sources of power. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Describe ONE (1) advantage and ONE (1) disadvantage of a written constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Elaborate on any TWO (2) elements that constitute a state. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any TWO (2) merits and any TWO (2) demerits of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe any FOUR (4) types of sovereignty. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) characteristics of a presidential form of government. (25 marks) COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD 120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2009 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two(2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and two (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Describe any TWO (2) arguments to support the study of political science as a science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) features of the Force Theory of the origin of state. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on any TWO (2) characteristics of law. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain any Two (2) features of a good constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Elaborate on any TWO (2) types of sovereignty. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of democracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) types of autocracy. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of the federal form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) essential elements of the state. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2008 TIME : 3 HOURS This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 questions) PART B (4 questions) Answer ALL questions from PART A and two (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Explain public administration and international relations as sub-fields of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe the meaning of popular sovereignty and legal sovereignty. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) features of a constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Power is a complex subject in political science. Elaborate on any TWO (2) sources of power. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe population and government as the elements of the state. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 Elaborate on FOUR (4) features of the unitary form of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Discuss any FOUR (4) features of the Social Contract Theory of the origin of the state. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Compare any FOUR (4) differences between unitary and federal forms of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Law is made to regulate an individual’s and a group’s conduct. Explain any FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER AM/APR 2008/PAD 120 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: PAD120 EXAMINATION: APRIL 2008 TIME : 3 HOURS Answer ALL questions in PART A and TWO (2) questions from PART B. PART A QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any TWO (2) ways for a leader to obtain authority. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any TWO (2) characteristics of monarchy government. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on any TWO (2) features of the theory of Divine Rights in the origin of the state. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Explain TWO (2) criticisms in the practice of the separation of powers. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe ONE (1) advantage and ONE (1) disadvantage of a flexible constitution. (10 marks) PART B QUESTION 1 a) Define Political Science. (5 marks) b) Explain any FOUR (4) methods used by the political scientist in the study of political science. 20 marks) QUESTION 2 a) Define sovereignty. (5 marks) b) Differentiate with examples internal sovereignty from external sovereignty. (20 marks) QUESTION 3 a) Define government. (5 marks) b) Differentiate the practices of a parliamentary system from a presidential system. (20 marks) QUESTION 4 a) Define autocracy. (5 marks) b) Elaborate on any FOUR (4) forms of autocracy. (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER AM/OCT 2007/PAD 120 _____________________________________________________________________________________ UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION _____________________________________________________________________________________ COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2007 TIME : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts. PART A (5 Questions) PART B (4 Questions) 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A and Two questions from PART B. 3. Answer to each question must be written in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 5. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of : i) the Question Paper ii) an answer Booklet provided by the Faculty. PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) benefits of the study of Political Science to a student. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 The study of Political Science can be considered as a science. Identify any TWO (2) arguments to support the statement. (10 marks) QUESTION 3 Explain any TWO (2) ways for a government to achieve legitimacy. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Discuss any TWO (2) functions of the state. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Explain any TWO (2) features of evolutionary or historical theory on the origin of state. (10 marks) PART B ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY. QUESTION 1 Elaborate on any FOUR (4) types of law. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe any FOUR (4) methods of establishing a constitution. 25 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on FOUR (4) differences between unitary and federal forms of government. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Discuss FOUR (4) weaknesses of democracy. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE : PAD 120 EXAMINATION : APRIL 2007 TIME : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of TWO (2) parts. PA RT A ( 5 Questions) PART B ( 4 Questions). 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A and TWO (2) questions from PART B. 3. Answers to all questions must be written in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 5. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet provided by the Faculty _________________________________________________ AM/APR 2007/PAD120 PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. QUESTION 1 Describe any two (2) methods used by researchers in the field of political science. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain briefly two (2) rationale of separation of powers. 10 marks) QUESTION 3 Elaborate on two (2) ways in which a government obtains authority. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on two (2) types of constitution. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Describe two (2) types of democracy. (10 marks) PART B Answer any TWO (2) of the following: QUESTION 1 Explain any TWO (2) advantages and TWO (2) disadvantages of parliamentary government. (25 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain FOUR (4) characteristics of sovereignty. (25 marks) QUESTION 3 Describe FOUR (4) essential elements of a State. (25 marks) QUESTION 4 Elaborate on FOUR (4) sources of law. (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER